knowledge about the morphology of the root canal system is a pre-requisite for achieving a successful outcome in root canal treatment. in this report, a patient with a maxillary lateral incisor which had previously undergone orthograde endodontic retreatment for two times is discussed. the tooth had been misdiagnosed with a palatal groove or a root fracture, its prognosis had been determined to...

background and aims. various methods are used to measure the size and form of the teeth, including the golden proportion, and the width-to-length ratio of central teeth, referred to as the golden standard. the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of golden standard values and golden proportion in the anterior teeth. materials and methods. photographs of 100 dentistry students (50 ma...

conclusions however, root and canal anatomies of third molar teeth are unknown, but studies focusing on third molar teeth have shown their possibility of treatment. results according to the study on 173 mandibular third molars, 92.4%, 4.6%, and 2.89% had two, one, and three roots, respectively. majority of them had two or three canals and most of mesial root canals were type 2; but in 179 maxil...

The radicular cyst has been classified as inflammatory cyst, as a consequence to pulpal necrosis following caries, with an associated periapical inflammatory response. Many times it is d ifficult to differentiate radicular cysts from the obligatory pre-existing chronic periapical periodontitis lesions radiographically. This paper presents a case of radicular cyst in the maxillary anterior region.

background: escherichia coli (e. coli) is the most frequent infecting organism in acute infection. so, knowledge about the frequency and distribution of urinary tract infection (uti) is important to improve infection control measures. the aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection (uti) in patients and determination of the antibiotic s...

background to estimate the total annual cost due to chronic hepatitis b (chb)-related diseases imposed on each patient and his/her family in iran.   methods economic burden of chb-related diseases (chb, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) were examined. in this retrospective study, 100 iranian patients were identified to obtain their socioeconomic status, utilization (direct and indirect c...

A 20-year-old male reported with right-sided facial swelling, epistaxis and right sided proptosis of two months duration. Computerized tomography scan of the face revealed a mass in the right maxillary sinus. The patient underwent surgery and the postoperative histopathology was suggestive of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. The present report discusses this rare presentation and the issues in ...

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma occurring in the late adulthood. It may rarely arise as a primary neoplasm in bone, but usually in the long bones and accounts for less than 1% of the malignant tumors of bone. Its presentation in the facial bones and skull is extremely rare. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone is a highly malignant tumor that recurs, ...

Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant smooth-muscle tumour that is exceedingly rare in the head and neck region. Presenting signs and symptoms of leiomyosarcoma in the orofacial region are generally nonspecific. The tumour is commonly encountered as a slow growing, discreet firm, and non-ulcerated painless mass. We presented a case of massive leiomyosarcoma of the midface which might be the first leiom...