Synthetic compounds that act like phytohormonal 'superauxins' have been among the most successful herbicides used in agriculture for more than 60 years. These so-called auxin herbicides are more stable in planta than the main natural auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and show systemic mobility and selective action, preferentially against dicot weeds in cereal crops. They belong to different ch...

Low nitrogen stress severely impedes crop growth and productivity. There has been substantial research on root adaptation to low conditions in many plant species. However, the mechanism underlying morphological response of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) low-NO3− or low-NH4+ remains poorly understood. Strawberry plants were hydroponically cultivated under 1 mM NO3−, NH4+, control (15 NO3...

Bacillus species and their metabolites have potential alternative uses as chemical pesticides that can limit the growth of plant pathogens enhance crop productivity. The aim this study was to investigate subtilis FJ3 for promoting controlling fungal pathogens. evaluated ability strain promote in vitro by characterizing its growth-promoting traits, which included production hydrolytic enzymes, i...

The phytohormone auxin has been known to be a regulator of plant growth and development ever since its discovery. Recent studies on plant-pathogen interactions identify auxin as a key character in pathogenesis and plant defense. Like plants, diverse pathogens possess the capacity to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the major form of auxin in plants. The emerging knowledge on auxin-signali...

Multiple shoots were induced from leaf explants of Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar MicroTom, within 20-25d, on MS medium supplemented with 8.9 microM benzylaminopurine (BAP)+1.14 microM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). For rooting, elongated microshoots were excised and transferred onto MS medium supplemented with 4.9 microM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Well-developed roots and flower raceme were o...

Seeds of several agriculturally important legumes are rich sources of the only halogenated plant hormone, 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid. However, the biosynthesis of this auxin is poorly understood. Here, we show that in pea (Pisum sativum) seeds, 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid is synthesized via the novel intermediate 4-chloroindole-3-pyruvic acid, which is produced from 4-chlorotryptophan by two...

Nitrilase (nitrile aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.5.1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The Arabidopsis thaliana genome has four nitrilase genes (NIT1 to NIT4), while tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) has only NIT4 homologs (TNIT4A and TNIT4B) and no NIT1 to NIT3 homologs. We have cloned the promoter region of TNIT4B and determined the transcriptional sta...

Azospirillum brasilense, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium found in the rhizosphere of various grass species, and increased the plant growth by growth substances produced by the bacteria like indole acetic acid and indole lactic acid which produced by A. brasilense from tryptophan (Tien et al., 1979; Okon and Vanderleyden, 1997; Bashan et al., 2004). Evaluation of 20 years of data indicated that 60 7...