Abstract This study was intended to compare collaborative and individual task planning effects on Iranian EFL learners’ writing performance. Therefore, a group of 90 upper intermediate EFL learners were placed in three groups of Collaborative Task planning, Individual Task planning, and Control. In the experimental groups, participants were asked to do task planning collaboratively and individu...

Abstract This study was intended to compare collaborative and individual task planning effects on Iranian EFL learners’ writing performance. Therefore, a group of 90 upper intermediate EFL learners were placed in three groups of Collaborative Task planning, Individual Task planning, and Control. In the experimental groups, participants were asked to do task planning collaboratively and individu...

OBJECTIVES The seventh edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours was published in 2009. This study was conducted to investigate the prognostic factors of p-T1aN0M0 pulmonary adenocarcinoma, which is the earliest stage defined in the new TNM classification. METHODS We retrospectively studied 122 patients who underwent lobectomy at our institution for p-T1aN0M0 adenocarcinoma, as r...

OBJECTIVES The progressive ageing of the population is accompanied by an increasing incidence of cancer. Our objective was to compare mediastinal lymphadenectomy performed in the surgical treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients between ≥ 70 and <70. METHODS We performed a retrospective single-centre case-control study, including 80 patients ≥ 70 years of age, surgically treat...

PURPOSE Age is a poor prognostic factor in melanoma patients. Elderly melanoma patients have a different presentation and clinical course than younger patients. We evaluated the impact of age ≥70 years (yrs) on the diagnosis and natural history of melanoma. METHODS Retrospective review of 610 patients with malignant melanoma entered into a prospective sentinel lymph node (SLN) database, treat...

PURPOSE Gastric cancer often occurs in the elderly but is uncommon in young individuals. Whether young patients have different clinical behaviors and outcomes from those of older patients remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 1,366 cases of newly diagnosed noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Cancer Registry between 2000 and 2010. We th...

BACKGROUND The existing literature suggests that the surgical mortality (SM) observed with nephrectomy for localised disease varies from 0.6% to 3.6%. OBJECTIVE To examine age- and stage-specific 30-d mortality (TDM) rates after partial or radical nephrectomy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We relied on 24535 assessable patients from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epid...

A method for accurate prediction of prognosis in individual patients with prostatic carcinoma does not exist. The limitations of pathological grading systems may result from the failure of standard pathological examination of fixed dead tissue to accurately assess the biological and metastatic behavior of live tumor cells. Many of the sublines of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma ...