Discriminating between different individuals is considered as prerequisite for any forms of social knowledge. In birds, discriminating between conspecifics based on individual characteristics has been tested mainly in the auditory domain with territorial calls and songs for neighbour and kin discrimination but little is known about discriminating between signallers in food calls. Ravens utilize...

PURPOSE To investigate the diurnal secretory characteristics of individual meibomian glands (MGs). METHODS Ten subjects (4 females and 6 males) with healthy eyelid appearance and without dry eye symptoms were recruited (mean age = 23.8 +/- 1.8 years). Both right and left lower eyelids were marked in 3 places to locate 5 consecutive MGs in each third (temporal, central, and nasal) of the lower...

Autofluorescence spectroscopy is a tool for detecting tissue alterations in vivo. In a previous study, we found spectral differences between clinically normal mucosa of different patient groups. These are possibly caused by associated patient characteristics. In the present study, we explore the influences of volunteer characteristics on healthy oral mucosa autofluorescence. Autofluorescence sp...

Little is known about how outer hair cell loss interacts with noise-induced and age-related auditory nerve degradation (i.e., cochlear synaptopathy) to affect auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave characteristics. Given that listeners with impaired audiograms likely suffer from mixtures of these hearing deficits and that ABR amplitudes have successfully been used to isolate synaptopathy in lis...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the measurement of biological variation for colorectal liver metastases using DCE MRI. Such techniques can be used to obtain several parameters relating to microvascular characteristics of tissue. Here we demonstrate the ability to construct statistical similarity functions for these parameters. Key to this process is the construction of an empirical ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between gameplay enjoyment, gaming goal orientations, and individual characteristics. A total of 301 participants were surveyed and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. This led to an expanded Gameplay Enjoyment Model (GEM) with 41 game design features that influence player enjoyment. Furthermore, a 3x2 Gaming ...

With the increasing complexity of control rooms and the information explosion, effective multitasking is now desired. Monochronicity and polychronicity, which describe a person's ability to do one thing and many things at a time, respectively, have been studied for a long time. However, it is not clear these abilities are related to various individual characteristics. Forty-eight Chinese partic...

effect of two fattening systems were studied on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of using of 66 fars native male kids in different ages. six kids were slaughtered at the first day of experiment and sixty kids were divided into two groups. the first group were kept in feedlot in individual pens and the second group grazed on rangeland, and after 3 months, were kept in feedlot in i...

Insiders represent a major threat to the security of an organization’s information resources (Warkentin & Willison, 2009; Stanton et al., 2005). Previous research has explored the role of protection motivation or of deterrence in promoting compliant behavior, but these factors have not been studied together. Furthermore, other individual differences, such as the Big Five personality factors may...