Sonoporation is a phenomenon where ultrasound increases cell membrane permeability. As the result, molecules that are otherwise deprived of transport mechanisms can be transported across the cell membrane. Several different experimental exposure systems are described in the literature. Low-frequency ultrasound (<500 kHz) exposure systems can be divided into two groups: systems with the transduc...

The 3ω method for measurement of thermal conductivity of a solid usually consists of a strip heater above a substrate, and the method is based on an approximate solution of the heat conduction problem in which the heater thickness is neglected. We establish a two-dimensional heat conduction model for the heater-on-substrate 3ω method which takes into account the finite thickness of the heater. ...

Two patients developed rapidly progressive necrotising fasciitis after being stung by a stonefish. Both were given a hot-water bath for pain relief. The hot water may have accelerated bacterial growth and the consequent development of necrotising fasciitis. Vibrio vulnificus was cultured from one patient. It is recommended that patients should receive high dose of oral and intravenous antibioti...