BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Utilities (values representing preferences) for healthcare priority setting are typically obtained indirectly by asking patients to fill in a quality of life questionnaire and then converting the results to a utility using population values. We compared such utilities with those obtained directly from patients or the public. DESIGN Review of studies providing both a d...

Objective: Self-harm was classified to show forms like non-suicidal self injury and indirect risky behaviors and drug abuse. The aims of this study were to compare suicidal tendencies indexes and difficulty in emotion regulation skills in mixed groups of adolescents with direct and indirect forms of self-harm. Methods: In a casual-comparative design from population of delinquent adolescents ...

BACKGROUND Indirect comparisons are becoming increasingly popular for evaluating medical treatments that have not been compared head-to-head in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). While indirect methods have grown in popularity and acceptance, little is known about the fragility of confidence interval estimations and hypothesis testing relying on this method. METHODS We present the findings of...

background: population attributable fraction (paf) is one of the most practical measures for estimating the burden of risk factors with some challenges in its calculation. cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the first cause of death worldwide and the estimation of accurate pafs for cvd risk factors is of great importance in conducting preventive strategies. our aim was to estimate the pafs of cvd r...

conclusions lower estimations in the nsu method might be due to the transmission barrier, which means that students were not fully aware of the high-risk behaviors of their close friends. nonetheless, it seems that these risky behaviors were more or less common among iranian college students. results the estimated prevalence using the cm and nsu were alcohol consumption (16.8% vs. 8.1%), opium ...

OBJECTIVES Demonstration of the applicability of a framework called indirect classification to the example of glaucoma classification. Indirect classification combines medical a priori knowledge and statistical classification methods. The method is compared to direct classification approaches with respect to the estimated misclassification error. METHODS Indirect classification is applied usi...