This paper quantifies the economic benefits associated with the introduction of greater spatial granularity in short-term pricing in the California wholesale electricity market. On April 1, 2009, California switched to a nodalpricing market with an integrated day-ahead forward market and real-time imbalance market from its original zonal market design with bilateral day-ahead scheduling, a real...

To ensure the safety and reliability of an echelon-use lithium-ion battery (EULIB), performance a EULIB is accurately reflected. This paper presents method estimating combined state energy (SOE) charge (SOC). First, aiming to improve accuracy SOE SOC estimation, third-order resistor-capacitance equivalent model (TRCEM) established. Second, long short-term memory (LSTM) introduced optimize Ohmic...