Complex singularities have been suggested in propagators of confined particles, e.g., the Landau-gauge gluon propagator. We rigorously reconstruct Minkowski from Euclidean with complex singularities. As a result, analytically continued Wightman function is holomorphic tube, and Lorentz symmetry locality are kept intact, whereas reconstructed violates temperedness positivity condition. Moreover,...

Indefinite NPs in shared constituents in coordinative structures in German exhibit different referential options with respect to scope and specificity. These options are restricted by the informational status of the indefinite: A focused indefinite NP can receive all referential options, while a non-focused one can only get the narrow scope non-specific reading. Our analysis assumes that the in...

This study aims at identifying the kinds of errors that Iraqi FEL Non-departmental undergraduates made in the use of definite and indefinite articles . These errors are: (1) deletion of the indefinite article (2) substitution of the indefinite for the definite article (3) substitution of the definite for the indefinite article (4) substitution of a for an. Native language transfer was found to ...

the main objective of this paper is to introduce a new intelligent optimization technique that uses a predictioncorrectionstrategy supported by a recurrent neural network for finding a near optimal solution of a givenobjective function. recently there have been attempts for using artificial neural networks (anns) in optimizationproblems and some types of anns such as hopfield network and boltzm...

We examine the distribution and interpretation of post-copular noun phrases in French when they appear with and without an indefinite article (Marie est (une) physicienne). We propose that the alternation is due to the fact that the indefinite article marks saturation of an NP-internal argument slot, and show that because of this, post-copular indefinite NPs are usually but not always existenti...

We prove various Beurling-Lax type theorems, when the classical backward-shift operator is replaced by a general resolvent associated with rational function. also study connections to Cuntz relations. An important tool new representation result for analytic functions, in terms of composition and multiplication operators given Applications theory de Branges-Rovnyak spaces, indefinite metric sett...

There are various notions of specificity, ranging from Fodor & Sag’s (1982) referentiality view to Givón’s (1983) discourse prominence view. Ionin (2006) discusses the relation between these two perspectives by analyzing the English indefinite this. She represents indefinite this as a referential operator in the sense of Fodor & Sag (1982), but also adds the felicity condition of “noteworthines...

We present a declarative framework for updating views over indefinite databases, that is, databases with null values. The framework follows the standard database approach, which allows for a unique null constant. As the main contributions of the paper, we introduce the concept of an indefinite deductive database as a formal representation of a view over an indefinite database, propose a semanti...