SYNOPSIS: A functional explanation is presented for the shift of the reptilian articular and quadrate into the mammalian middle ear to become the malleus and incus. Modification of the masticatory apparatus of therapsids results in reduction of stresses on the jaw joint and consequently in reduction of posterior elements of the jaw. In the late therapsid, Jiieno-Iherium, the quadrate and post-d...

Background: Cholesteatomas are benign destructive lesions of the temporal bone that may lead to life-threatening complications. Objectives: This study described clinical and surgical characteristics chronic otitis media patients with acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. Methods: Among 1790 detected during almost 10 years, 449 suffered from The features data were investigated. Results: patients, (...

This study is based on the examination of histological sections of specimens of different ages and of adult ossicles from macerated skulls representing a wide range of taxa and aims at addressing several issues concerning the evolution of the ear ossicles in marsupials. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the ear ossicles based on histological series were done for one or more stages of Monodel...

The effect of addition of the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 on the chemical and sensory properties of Kwark cheese produced using CHN-11 as a cheese starter were investigated. The addition of B. longum KACC 91563 to Kwark cheese did not change the composition or pH value of the cheese, compared with control. B. longum KACC 91563 survived at a level of 7.58 Log CFU/g and did not ha...