The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the ratification status of occupational safety and health (OSH)-related ILO conventions and reported occupational fatality rates of ILO member countries, while controlling for possible confounding factors. ILO member states were divided into 4 levels of income status, based on the gross national income per capita. Seventeen convention...

I n the recent global fi nancial crisis, there was a sharp divide in the economic performance of high-income and emerging-market nations. The United States, the countries of the European Union, and Japan suffered most. They have been slow to recover, with heavy debt burdens and enfeebled banks promising continued sluggishness. Many emerging economies, in contrast, hardly paused during 2008 and ...

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide, and is more common in low and middle-income countries. The effectiveness of hypertension treatment is determined by health cost, awareness, and patients' compliance with the treatment. People worldwide with an adequate control of hypertension correspond to a very small percentage in low and m...

This research suggests that the evolution of entrepreneurial spirit played a significant role in the process of economic development and the evolution of inequality within and across societies. The study argues that entrepreneurial spirit evolved non-monotonically in the course of human history. In early stages of development, the rise in income generated an evolutionary advantage to entreprene...

This article builds on Yohe's seminal piece on mitigative capacity which elaborates 'determinants' of mitigative capacity, also reflected in the IPCC's third assessment report. We propose a revised definition, where mitigative capacity is a country's ability to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions or enhance natural sinks. By "ability" we mean skills, competencies, fitness, and profici...

BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major nutritional problem in many developing countries. Vitamin A status has been reported to be adversely affected in protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). OBJECTIVE To assess and compare serum retinol concentrations in hospitalized children with severe PEM and normal ones. METHODS A prospective series of 34 malnourished and 29 normal control childre...

This research suggests that a Darwinian evolution of entrepreneurial spirit played a significant role in the process of economic development and the evolution of inequality within and across societies. The study argues that entrepreneurial spirit evolved nonmonotonically in the course of human history. In early stages of development, the rise in income generated an evolutionary advantage to ent...

Age and Gender Differences in Food Security in a Low-Income Inner-City Population In a study of approximately 1,500 very disadvantaged families with children in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio from 1999 to 2005, significant differences in levels of food security are found across children of different ages and genders. Using answers to unique survey questions about food security for a specific ...

Poor urban neighborhoods have been labeled “food deserts” with few grocery stores and mainly fast food restaurants. Alternatively, according to popular media and a few academic studies, the arrival of upscale eateries and “boutique” shopping venues is one of the most visible signs of a shift in a neighborhood’s income or demographics. Certainly some formerly low-income neighborhoods that have b...

We explore the relationship between agency and hedonic and evaluative dimensions of well-being, using data from the Gallup World Poll. We positthat individuals emphasize one well-being dimension over the other, depending on their agency. We test fourhypotheses including whether: (i) positive levels of well-being in one dimension coexist with negative ones in another;and (ii) individuals place a...