OBJECTIVE To describe the methodology used to measure and explain income-related inequalities in health and health care utilization over time in selected Latin American and Caribbean countries. METHODS Data from nationally representative household surveys in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, and Peru were used to analyze income-related inequalities in health status and health care uti...

Study objective—To analyse to what extent diVerences in income, using two distinct measures—as distribution across quintiles and poverty—explain social inequalities in self rated health, for men and women, in Sweden and Britain. Design—Series of cross sectional surveys, the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions (ULF) and the British General Household Survey (GHS), during the period 1992–95. Parti...

BACKGROUND Norway provides universal health care coverage to all residents, but socio-economic inequalities in health are among the largest in Europe. Evidence on inequalities in health care utilisation is sparse, and the aim of this population based study was to investigate socio-economic inequalities in the utilisation of health care services in Tromsø, Norway. METHODS We used questionnaire...

BACKGROUND In all OECD countries, there is a trend to increasing patients' copayments in order to balance rising overall health-care costs. This systematic review focuses on inequalities concerning the amount of out-of-pocket payments (OOPP) associated with income, education or gender in the Elderly aged 65+. METHODS Based on an online search (PubMed), 29 studies providing information on OOPP...

BACKGROUND The inverse association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health has been extensively explored in Italy; however few studies have been carried out on the relationship between income inequalities and health status or health services utilisation, particularly at a local level.The objective of this study is to test the association between the demand for hospital care and a small ...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the manufacturing industry wage among selected developing countries based on new economic geography theory. More specifically, we use a panel data model to study the spatial structure of wages in 136 countries for the period 1998-2007. The results indicate that this theory provides a good description of the spatial structure of w...

societies have paid attention to safety. this study examines the relationship between socio-economic factors and crime, emphasizing on immigration. due to the locational aspect of the data, spatial econometric techniques are used. the model has been specified in the form of spatial durbin panel data model (sdpdm). the specified model has been estimated for 30 provinces of iran in 2006-11 by con...

I n order to have a successful regional planning policy, one needs to know exactly the effective factors on the growth of the provinces. Thus, determining and evaluating these growth rates are important for urban and regional planners. The main goal of this study is to determine the effective factors on the growth (population growth and per capita income growth) of Iran’s provinces. ...

BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status has been operationalised in a variety of ways, most commonly as education, social class, or income. In this study, we also use occupational complexity and a SES-index as alternative measures of socioeconomic status. Studies show that in analyses of health inequalities in the general population, the choice of indicators influence the magnitude of the observed ineq...