Maxillectomy often leads to oralnasal or excessive oral-pharyngeal communication. The remaining teeth may need further preparation for various reasons, including crown or fixed dental prosthesis restoration. High-volume water is used in conjunction with highspeed tooth preparation to avoid the excessive heat generation that could endanger the health of the pulp. The water aerosol generated by t...

The photooxidation of thebaine (3) with a sun lamp affords two main products: hydrodibenzofuran 10 (major) and benzofuran 11 (minor). The latter compound becomes predominant if a Hg lamp is used instead of a sun lamp. The formation of 10 proceeds via an endoperoxide intermediate that undergoes oxidation at the nitrogen atom. Protection of the nitrogen either by protonation or quaternization pre...

Geometric volumes can be used as an intermediate representation for bridging the gap between task planning, with its symbolic preconditions and effects, and motion planning, with its continuous-space geometry. In this work, we use sets of convex polyhedra to represent the boundaries of objects, robot manipulators, and swept volumes of robot motions. We apply efficient algorithms for convex deco...

This paper surveys some recent theoretical work in incorporating the dynamics of robot models in motion planning algorithms. Such work is often referred in the literature as kinodynamic motion planning. We rst give an overview of the problem in general and how it diiers from motion planning with pure kinematics. We then describe three model algorithms, each representing one of three broad categ...

This paper proposes a novel method of scheduling parallel execution of planning and action for a visionmotion planning problem. A planning process can be viewed as a process of gradually reducing the plan candidates towards the final commitment to one plan. Using criteria on deciding if an action sequence is consistent with the remaining plan candidates (consistency criterion), and on when to c...

Heuristic search is a leading approach to domain-independent planning. For cost-optimal planning, however, existing admissible heuristics are generally too weak to effectively guide the search. Pattern database heuristics (PDBs), which are based on abstractions of the search space, are currently one of the most promising approaches to developing better admissible heuristics. The informedness of...

background: more than 30% of pregnancies in iran are unintended and most of them happen among the women who use various contraceptive methods. results of integrated monitoring and evaluation system (imes) showed that the rate of innovative contraceptive use in mashhad has been 41.5%-57% in different urban areas. this study was conducted to explore the process of making decision toward using fam...

Urban planning statistics and evaluation is necessary for healthy and sustainable development of cities. However, it is not an easy task to perform statistics and evaluation because of the complexity of urban planning and the various involved data. In this paper, a GIS-based statistics and evaluation system is proposed to meet the unique requirements of the system, including multiple data type,...

The post-positivist domination of planning theory in recent years has rightly highlighted the social and political context of theories. Its impact through various guises including collaborative, postmodern and neo-pragmatic approaches has been significant. However, one area that has been immune to these broad changes and interpretations is typologies of planning. Typologies provide heuristics f...

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) of the United States was enacted in 1973 to prevent the extinction of species. Recovery plans, required by 1988 amendments to the ESA, play an important role in organizing these efforts to protect and recover species. To improve the use of science in the recovery planning process, the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) commissioned an independent review of e...