SODHANA, which literally means purification, is a procedure necessary for every drug before taking it for adding in any compound or subjecting it for further processes like Bhasmikarana (incineration) etc. Purified drug in the lines of modern science is different from, that of Ayurveda as the former is cent percent the main drug only and latter may contain other particles also. Present paper gi...

Thermal treatment of plastics flame retarded with brominated compounds often lead to the formation of PBDD/F, especially if polybrominated diphenyl ethers are used. By the presence of antimony(III) oxide, water and some other metals, the amounts of PBDD/F increase. Even during the production and recycling processes of plastics, PBDD/F can be found in considerable amounts. By the use of flame re...

The aim of this work was to characterize the initial organic content of a selected municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash. This was realized by elemental carbon analysis using pyroanalysis of untreated samples. In addition, MSWI bottom ash extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) or hot solvent extraction (Soxtec), were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) coupl...

During incineration of wastes in waste incineration plants, polluted flue gases are generated which have to be subjected to flue gas purification. Although the legal requirements are nearly unambiguous, the question of whether wet flue gas purification is to be performed in a sewage-free or sewage-generating manner is discussed controversially by experts in the Federal Republic of Germany. As a...

Copper species such as CuCO3, Cu(OH)2, CuS and CuO were found in the bag house and EP (electrostatic precipitator) fly ashes of waste incineration processes by X-ray absorption near edge structural (XANES) spectroscopy. A small amount of Cu(I) and metallic Cu was found in the bag house fly ash. The averaged Cu-O bond distance in the fly ashes determined by EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine ...

This paper presents results of research on the use of plasma technology for printed circuit boards (PCB) processing for metals and energy recovery. In the Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements, a test stand was built allowing experiments on plasma process with throughput of 800 kg per day. Brief examination of PCB waste was carried out, focusing on identification of its ...

Advances in garbage incineration technology have made it possible to turn waste into energy. However, launching such a plant will require huge amount of investment, and the cost of operation is expensive. So it is not easy for municipal governments to adopt such technology in widespread due to shortage of fund. Private capital can be a source of fund, but return should be ensured. In this paper...

In this paper, we describe our application of a neurocontroller based on Action Dependent Heuristic Dynamic Programming (ADHDP) to optimize the combustion-process for an industrial hazardous waste incineration plant. This ADHDP-controller originally was designed for online learning. That implies, that this controller starts with a randomly initialized policy and improves its performance while i...

SUMMARY: The aim of this study is to apply the United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Reserves and Resources 2009 (UNFC-2009) to a landfill-mining project to identify the landfilled materials as potential anthropogenic 'reserves' or 'resources', and to reveal critical factors for the classification of the project. Based on data from a landfill-mining project in Be...