Using a unified macroscopic QED formalism, we derive an integral equation for the van der Waals energy of a two-level atomic system near a carbon nanotube. The equation is valid for both strong and weak atom-vacuum-field coupling. By solving it numerically, we demonstrate the inapplicability of weak-coupling-based van der Waals interaction models in a close vicinity of the nanotube surface.

geothermobarometry equations are based on thermodynamic principles and appear in single or multi-variant functions. the number of variants for a specific composition or reaction usually is reduced into 2 involving temperature (t) and pressure (p). since most of planned equations have two passive or variant p and t, using these equations should be with special care. it is very effective to use g...

Directed graphical models provide a useful framework for modeling causal or directional relationships for multivariate data. Prior work has largely focused on identifiability and search algorithms for directed acyclic graphical (DAG) models. In many applications, feedback naturally arises and directed graphical models that permit cycles arise. However theory and methodology 15 for directed grap...

In this paper, we consider the production possibility set with n production units such that the following four principles that governs: inclusion observations, conceivability, immensity and convexity. Our goal is to estimate the output of a same and new production unit with existing production possibility and amount of input is specified. So, initially we find the interval changes of each input...

Adhesive categories provide an abstract setting for the doublepushout approach to rewriting, generalising classical approaches to graph transformation. Fundamental results about parallelism and confluence, including the local Church-Rosser theorem, can be proven in adhesive categories, provided that one restricts to linear rules. We identify a class of categories, including most adhesive catego...

UML-B is a graphical formal modelling notation which is based on UML and relies on Event-B and its verification tools. In this paper, we propose annealing and introduce subtyping rules as well-known refactoring rules which can improve and assist the derivation of object-oriented design from an abstract specification written in UML-B. We prove that the proposed annealing rules are behavior prese...

Event processing rules may be prescribed in many different ways, including by finite state machines, graphical methods, ECA (event-conditionaction) rules or reactive rules that are triggered by event patterns. In this paper, we present a model for defining event relationships for event processing rules. We propose a so-called correlation set allowing users to graphically model the event correla...