Insect repellent DEET and sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone play an essential role in minimizing vector-borne diseases and skin cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emulsion type, addition of thickening agent and droplet size in three emulsion-based lotions on percutaneous permeation of DEET and oxybenzone using in vitro diffusion experiments, in order to minimize ...

The influences of protein concentration (0.2, 1, 2wt%) and oil-phase volume fraction (5%, 20%, 40% v/v) on emulsion stability and rheological properties were investigated in whey protein isolate (WPI)-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions containing 0.2wt% xanthan gum (XG). The data of droplet size, surface charge, creaming index, oxidative stability, and emulsion rheology were obtained. The result...

Microcapsules containing the aqueous solution of Azur B of a water soluble dye were prepared with the melting dispersion cooling method and applied to the amplification detector of plant DNA. Paraffin wax with melting temperature of 75 ̊C was used as the shell material. In the experiment, the aqueous solution (W) of Azur B as the core material was dispersed in the melted paraffin wax (O) to form...

BACKGROUND At the time of the influenza A(H1N1)pmd09 pandemic it was not known if concurrent or sequential administration of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) with pandemic vaccine was preferred. METHODS Immunogenicity and safety were assessed in 871 healthy subjects aged 19-40 years who were randomised into six groups to receive co-administration or sequential administration of TIV ...

Influenza, whether seasonal or pandemic, causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Today, vaccines are the foundation of influenza prevention. Globally, influenza vaccine manufacturing capacity is at an all-time high [1], as are the number and types of influenza vaccines available on the market and in development. In the United States, in addition to the live attenuated and inactivated subuni...

N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), an apparently nonimmunogenic bacterial peptidoglycan-derived small peptide, was found to induce a polyarthritis the rat similar to that induced by Freund's complete adjuvant when injected in the form of an oil emulsion. An oil emulsion of its isomer, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-L-isoglutamine, which unlike MDP has no immunostimulatory activity, failed...

The activation energy of a reasonable order of magnitude was estimated for the coalescence of oil droplets in an O/W emulsion by formulating the balance of forces acting on a droplet that crosses over the potential barrier to coalesce with another droplet by the DLVO theory and Stokes' law. An emulsion with smaller oil droplets was shown to be more stable.

Prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) leads to liver damage. Recent interest has focused on the lipid component of PN. A lipid emulsion based on w-3 fatty acids decrease conjugated bilirubin. A mixed lipid emulsion derived from soybean, coconut, olive, and fish oils reverses jaundice. Here we report the reversal of cholestasis and the improvement of enteral feeding tolerance in 1 infant with inte...

14 Regulatory, safety, and environmental issues have prompted the development of aqueous 15 enzymatic extraction (AEE) for extracting components from oil-bearing materials. The 16 emulsion resulting from AEE requires de-emulsification to separate the oil; when enzymes 17 are used for this purpose, the method is known as aqueous enzymatic emulsion de18 emulsification (AEED). In general, enzyme a...

Release of volatiles in oil emulsion systems containing various fat contents was determined using purge-and-trap dynamic headspace/gas chromatography. Oil emulsions were prepared using 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8% oil, and a standard mixture was prepared using hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. Fat content in oil emulsions reduced the volatility of added volatile standards, and the amoun...