abstract  background: spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis can be associated with significant  low back pain, especially in physically active adolescents. non-operative management  is usually successful in improving symptoms, but surgical intervention is  occasionally required. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of in situ posterolateral  fusion in the treatment of refractory case...

malignant papillary neoplasms of the breast comprise a number of microscopically distinct lesions, where apocrine metaplasia is commonly found in papillomas compared to other papillary lesions including papillary carcinomas. however, association of apocrine metaplasia in papilloma with ductal carcinoma in situ (dcis) is not very well defined. the lesions with apocrine metaplasia are not only di...

In situ hydrogelation of injectable precursors upon biological stimulus is relevant to generate hydrogels under mild conditions and, potentially, at a side interest. Here, it shown that hydrolytic enzymes can be used initiate the formation covalent hydrogel networks, realizing cleavage-leading-to-gelation strategy. For this purpose, two-component system used, consisting 4-arm polyethylene glyco...

Colloidal gelation has been extensively studied for the case of purely attractive systems, but little is understood about how colloidal gelation is affected by the presence of repulsive interactions. Here we demonstrate the gelation of a binary system of oppositely charged colloids, in which repulsive interactions compete with attractive interactions. We observe that gelation is controlled by v...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rheological evaluation of thermoreversible mucoadhesive nasal gel of zolmitriptan is done to determine the steady shear behaviour and gelation temperature. The thermoreversible mucoadhesive polymers are sucessesfully used to increase the contact time of the therapeutic compound in the nasal cavity as well as they cause enhancement in permeation of drug through the nasa...

background: it has been claimed that by using different washing methods, the sperms can be separated according to size, motility, density, chromosomal content and surface markings and charge. these methods also reduce sperm chromatin deficiencies and screen the sperms before applying in assisted reproduction techniques. objective: this study compared simple density gradient methods and a combin...

purpose: to evaluate and compare tear secretion and tear film instability following laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik) and laser assisted subepithelial keratectomy (lasek). methods: in a randomized clinical trial, 30 eyes of 15 patients underwent lasik and 30 eyes of 15 patients underwent lasek to correct myopia. tear secretion and tear film instability were tested preoperatively, 2 and 6 wee...

perrault's syndrome (p.s.) is rare. the combination of gonadal dysgenesis and hearing loss was accompanied by 46,xxkaryotype in three sisters with parental consanguineous marriage. genetic investigation revealed normal female karyotype, positive liarr and negative fluorescence ipj-bodies, which was confirmed by molecular study on the basis of fluorescence in situ hybridization (pish), with appl...