Topical application of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) elicits intense local inflammation that facilitates outgrowth of premalignant lesions in skin after carcinogen exposure. The inflammatory response to PMA treatment activates immune stimulatory mechanisms. However, we show here that PMA exposure also induces plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in local draining lymph nodes (dLNs) to express ...

We have previously described a method for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer based on antigen-specific T(h)1 cells. However, efficient induction of anti-tumor responses using T(h)1 cells remains a formidable challenge, especially for MHC class II-negative tumors. In the present study, we sought to develop a novel strategy to eradicate established tumors of the MHC class II-negative, ovalbumin (OV...

We reported previously that three ERF transcription factors, tobacco ERF3 (NtERF3) and Arabidopsis AtERF3 and AtERF4, which are categorized as class II ERFs, are active repressors of transcription. To clarify the roles of these repressors in transcriptional regulation in plants, we attempted to identify the functional domains of the ERF repressor that mediates the repression of transcription. A...

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused substantial morbidity and mortality during the 2002-2003 epidemic. Many of the features of the human disease are duplicated in BALB/c mice infected with a mouse-adapted version of the virus (MA15), which develop respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we show that severe disease is correlated with slow kinetics of virus clearance and...

The interaction between matricellular proteins such as tenascin-C (TN-C) and osteopontin (OPN) and integrins has been implicated in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis in which Th17 cells are recognized as primary pathogenic cells. The differentiation of Th17 cells is tightly regulated by cytokines derived from APCs, receiving various signals including TLR stimuli. In this study, we used a co...

Reliable transport protocols are tuned to perform well in traditional networks where packet losses occur mostly because of congestion. However, in networks with wireless links in addition to wired segments this assumption would be insufficient, as the high wireless bit error rate could become the dominant cause of packet loss. The main reason of this poor performance for TCP is that TCP cannot ...

Acquired melanocytic nevi are commonly found in sun exposed and unexposed human skin, but the potential for their transformation into invasive melanoma is not clear. Therefore, a mouse model of nevus initiation and progression was developed in C3H/HeN mice using a modified chemical carcinogenesis protocol. Nevi develop due to DNA damage initiated by dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) followed by...

We consider dynamic link networks(DLN), where nodes are static, but the links are highly dynamic. Reliable multi-hop communication is critical in such networks, which inspires receiver contention routing, which elects relays from actual receivers to overcome link dynamics. However, in previous studies of receiver contention routing protocols, the multi-hop reliability is lack of deep understand...

Langerin is a C-type lectin receptor that recognizes glycosylated patterns on pathogens. Langerin is used to identify human and mouse epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), as well as migratory LCs in the dermis and the skin draining lymph nodes (DLNs). Using a mouse model that allows conditional ablation of langerin(+) cells in vivo, together with congenic bone marrow chimeras and parabiotic mice a...

Abstract Tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells (TRM) protect against pathogens through the early shaping of inflammation at sites infection. The extent to which their activation can impact subsequent systemic cell responses is not clear. To ask if lung TRM recognizing antigen same presented in secondary lymphoid organs, we generated OVA-specific primed by infection with an influenza virus expressi...