In recent decades, ranking exercises have become increasingly important to philosophy.And in recent years, philosophers have become increasingly concerned about the situation of underrepresented groups in philosophy. The Australasian Philosophical Association published a report on women in philosophy in 2008 (Goddard 2008), and the British Philosophical Association and Society for Women in Phil...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous studies using modified versions of the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP; Payne, Cheng, Govorun, & Stewart, 2005) have revealed that there is an implicit negative evaluation bias of illness-related information in patients with hypochondriasis (HYP), which might be a maintaining feature of HYP. However, there is no evidence on whether this bias might be targ...

The Central Intelligence Agency’s Psychology of Intelligence Analysis (Heuer 1999) provides concise and practical summaries of recent work in cognitive psychology using real-world examples intended to help CIA agents perform their daily activities more effectively. Its 12th chapter—‘‘Biases in Estimating Probabilities’’—describes a number of widely-discussed findings from the heuristics and bia...

BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an indicator of general systemic aging, with shorter LTL being associated with several chronic diseases of aging and earlier mortality. Identifying factors related to LTL among African Americans may yield insights into mechanisms underlying racial disparities in health. PURPOSE To test whether the combination of more frequent reports of racial dis...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether negative implicit attitudes and beliefs toward overweight persons exist among health professionals who specialize in obesity treatment, and to compare these findings to the implicit anti-fat bias evident in the general population. DESIGN: Health care professionals completed a series of implicit and explicit attitude and belief measures. Results were compared to...

A major focus of recent research in memory has been performance on implicit tasks. The phenomenon of most interest has been repetition priming, the effect that prior exposure to a stimulus has on later perception of the stimulus or on a later decision about the stimulus. Picture naming, word identification, and word production in stem- and fragment-completion tasks all show repetition priming e...

We first describe recent empirical research on racial cognition, particularly work on implicit racial biases that suggests they are widespread, that they can coexist with explicitly avowed anti-racist and tolerant attitudes, and that they influence behavior in a variety of subtle but troubling ways. We then consider a cluster of questions that the existence and character of implicit racial bias...

BACKGROUND Implicit racial bias denotes socio-cognitive attitudes towards other-race groups that are exempt from conscious awareness. In parallel, other-race faces are more difficult to differentiate relative to own-race faces--the "Other-Race Effect." To examine the relationship between these two biases, we trained Caucasian subjects to better individuate other-race faces and measured implicit...

Children and adults are guided by verb-specific syntactic likelihoods, or verb bias, in language comprehension and production. Recent reports showed that verb bias can be altered by new linguistic experience. We investigated the mechanisms underlying this verb bias learning or adaptation. Specifically, we asked whether verb bias learning, like abstract syntactic priming, is driven by error-base...