BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The small intestine is a potential origin of bleeding in patients with unexplained gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage or iron-deficiency anemia. Most reports on the investigation of these patients describe the use of upper tract enteroscopy. The diagnostic yield of combined upper and lower enteroscopy has not been widely assessed and remains to be clarified. The aim of ...

BACKGROUND Plasmacytoid is a rare histological variant of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Since the first reported case of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC), in 1991, only about 100 cases have since been reported, with most cases involving the bladder. Urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract represent only 5% of urothelial cancers. To the best of our knowledge, there has only been 1 r...

Systemic basidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by Basidiobolus rararum (B. rararum). The clinical presentation is non-specific and is similar to many gastrointestinal conditions such as Crohn's disease (CD). The most consistent findings of basidiobolomycosis are recurrent abdominal pain, weight loss, fever and peripheral eosinophilia. Most of the patients are diagnosed on surgica...

Shiga toxin 1 and 2 production is a cardinal virulence trait of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection that causes a spectrum of intestinal and systemic pathology. However, intestinal sites of enterohemorrhagic E. coli colonization during the human infection and how the Shiga toxins are taken up and cross the globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) receptor-negative intestinal epithelial cells remain...

retrograde approach is considered technically more challenging, with published failure rates for ileal intubation as high as 30% [1]. The technique for ileal intubation described by Yamamoto et al. involves visualizing the ileocecal valve (ICV) while the overtube balloon is inflated in the ascending colon, followed by pull-back of the balloon to reduce the ileocolic angle (thus exposing the ICV...

A 61-year-old man was being treated for poor nutritional status. He had been on weekly methotrexate 6 mg and daily tacrolimus 1 mg and prednisolone 18 mg for 8 years due to dermatomyositis. On further workup, he was initially detected to have ileocecal ulcer with subsequent development of diffuse miliary shadows on chest radiograph. He was diagnosed as having ileocecal with miliary tuberculosis...

Introduction .......................... The method .......................... The movements of the small intestine ................. Rhythmic segmentation of the intestinal contents .......... Peristalsis ........................ Rhythmic segmentation and the pendulum movement ........ The course of the food in the small intestine ........... The competence of the ileocaecal valve ................