Sleep plays a vital role in regulating physiological mechanisms in the human body. Nowadays, by the change of lifestyle and as a consequence of longer work hours and increased accessibility to media, sleep disturbance becomes a common problem in modern society. Many studies demonstrated that sleep disturbance triggers a systemic low-grade inflammation by increasing the level of several cytokine...

Objective(s): Interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) is a new member of the IL-1 family that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of inflammatory and immune diseases. Our purpose was to determine the effect of IL-36Ra on liver injury in a mouse hepatitis model induced by concanavalin A (ConA). Materials and Methods: Mic...

cancer immunotherapy (passive or active) involves treatments which promote the ability of the immune system to fight tumor cells. several types of immunotherapeutic agents, such as monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, non-specific immunomodulatory agents, and cancer vaccines are currently under intensive investigation in preclinical and clinical trials. cancer vaccines induce pe...

The methylation status of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) gene promoter in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients was evaluated to investigate the correlation between RAGE gene promoter methylation and diabetic retinal inflammation. Eighty patients admitted and diagnosed as type 2 DR in Qilu Hospital, Shandong University d...

Cytokines critically control immune responses, but how regulatory programs are altered to allow T cells to differentially respond to distinct cytokine stimuli remains poorly understood. Here, we have globally analyzed enhancer elements bound by IL-2-activated STAT5 and IL-21-activated STAT3 in T cells and identified Il2ra as the top-ranked gene regulated by an IL-2-activated STAT5-bound superen...

Poorly functional effector CD8 T cells are generated in some pathological situations, including responses to weakly antigenic tumors. To identify the molecular bases for such defective differentiation, we monitored gene expression in naive monoclonal CD8 T cells during responses to TCR ligands of different affinity. We further evaluated whether responses to weak Ags may be improved by addition ...

Plasmids may have unique advantages as a gene delivery system. However, a major obstacle is the low in vivo transduction efficiency. In this study, an electroporation-based gene transduction approach was taken to study the effect of interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-12 gene transduction on the growth of experimental murine tumors. Significant intratumoral gene transduction was achieved by electroporatio...

Curcumin is active component of turmeric and isolated from the rhizome of turmeric, a phenolic natural product. One of inflammatory disease is multiple sclerosis, a multifocal chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS, which is also known as a perivascular demyelinating disease. Studies have been shown that neuro-inflammation can have both harmful and beneficial effects on the neuronal...