This paper describes comparisons of the minimax backup rule and the product back-up rule on a wide variety of games, including P-games, G-games, three-hole kalah, Othello, and Ballard’s incremental game. In three-hole kalah, the product rule plays better than a minimax search to the same depth. This is a remarkable result, since it is the first widely known game in which product has been found ...

But he [Othello], as loving his own pride and purposes, Evades them, with a bombast circumstance Horribly stuff d with epithets of war: And, in conclusion, nonsuits My mediators; for Certes, says he, I have already chose my officer. And what was he? Forsooth, a great arithmetician, One Michael Cassio, a Florentine, A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife; That never set a squadron in the field, N...

This study aims at investigating the psychological approach and translation analysis of the novel genre. For this purpose, the English version of "Othello" is compared with its Persian translation. At first, this study surveys the ST from psychological point of view. Second, it compares the ST with its translation. In this regard, the study focuses on the stylistic and semantic analysis of the ...

The soft computing approach for gaming is different from the traditional one that exploits knowledge of the opening, middle, and endgame stages. It is aims to evolve efficiently some simple heuristics that can be created easily from the basic knowledge of the game. Integrating sphere knowledge into soft computation can enhance the performance of evolved algorithmic methodologies and quicken the...

This paper discusses a practical framework for the semi{ automatic construction of evaluation functions for games. Based on a structured evaluation function representation, a procedure for exploring the feature space is presented that is able to discover new features in a computational feasible way. Besides the theoretical aspects, related practical issues such as the generation of training pos...

Here we present the algorithms and extensions that produced our successful Othello-playing program, which finished among the top five programs of this year’s Othello tournament. Specifically, we discuss a variety of search algorithms and extensions, as well as our algorithms for adaptive timemanagement, our efficient ‘bit board’ data structure, our features comprising our evaluation function, o...

Genes involved in a viral resistance response in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Othello) were identified by inoculating a geminivirus reporter (Bean dwarf mosaic virus expressing the green fluorescent protein), extracting RNA from tissue undergoing the defense response, and amplifying sequences with degenerate R gene primers. One such gene (a TIR-NBS-LRR gene, RT4-4) was selected for funct...