Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) mediates responses to bacterial infection and autoimmune disease but it is also an important tumor suppressor. IFN-γ is upregulated in the gastric mucosa by chronic Helicobacter infection; however, whether it plays a positive or negative role in inflammationassociated gastric carcinogenesis is unexplored. To study this question we generated an H+/K+ATPase-IFN-γ transgen...

the aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of spirulina platensis (s.platensis) by measuring the levels of serum interleukin (il)-4, il-10, il-17, tumor necrosis factor(tnf)-α and interferon (ifn)-|γ| in mice suffered from systemic candidiasis and breast cancer. theaqueous extract of s. platensis was selected for this study. balb/c female mice were inoculated withcand...

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is an angiogenetic and profibrotic factor, acting downstream of TGF-β, involved in both airway- and vascular remodeling. While the T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is well characterized as immune-modulatory and anti-fibrotic cytokine, the role of IFN-γ in lung endothelial cells (LEC) is less defined. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF...

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β facilitates interferon (IFN)-γ signaling by inhibiting Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP) 2. Mutated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) cause AKT activation and GSK-3β inactivation to induce SHP2-activated cellular unresponsiveness to IFN-γ in human gastric cancer AGS cells. This study investigated the pot...

IFN-γ is a major cytokine that is critical for host resistance to a broad range of intracellular pathogens. Production of IFN-γ by natural killer and T cells is initiated by the recognition of pathogens by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In an experimental model of toxoplasmosis, we have identified the presence of a nonlymphoid source of IFN-γ that was particularly evident in the absence of TLR-med...

The expression of allergic phenotypes involves complex inter-relationships among several Th2 and Th1 cytokines as well as the regulator cytokine interleukin (IL)-10. These direct or indirect interrelationships may distort the true associations of cytokine responses with these phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and Th1 cytokine interferon-...

We have previously shown that interferon gamma (IFN-γ) induces aberrant CD49b(+) natural killer (NK) cell recruitment by regulating CX3CL1 and eventually provokes foetal loss. In this study, we show that IFN-γ also modulates Ly-49 receptors on NK cells during pregnancy failure. The percentages of Ly-49A(+) and Ly-49G2(+) NK cells in the uteri of the IFN-γ-treated group were significantly lower ...

The role of interferon (IFN)-γ in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), has remained as an enigmatic paradox for more than 30 years. Several studies attribute this cytokine a prominent proinflammatory and pathogenic function in these pathologies. However, accumulating evidence shows that IFN-γ also plays a protective role inducing regulat...

IFN-γ-producing CD4 T cells are required for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, but the extent to which IFN-γ contributes to overall CD4 T cell-mediated protection remains unclear. Furthermore, it is not known if increasing IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is desirable in Mtb infection. Here we show that IFN-γ accounts for only ~30% of CD4 T cell-dependent cumulative ...

IFN-γ has a central role in the defense against infections and cancer. More recently, however, IFN-γ has also been reported to have immunosuppressive effects in models of autoimmune disease, melanoma, and premalignant skin disease. Although IL-12 and IL-18 are critical inducers of IFN-γ during infection, the mechanisms that induce IFN-γ in an immunosuppressive context are unknown. Previously, w...