A path in an edge-coloured graph is called \emph{rainbow path} if its edges receive pairwise distinct colours. An said to be connected} any two vertices of the are connected by a rainbow path. The minimum $k$ for which there exists such edge-colouring connection number $rc(G)$ $G.$ Recently, Bau et al. \cite{BJJKM2018} introduced this concept with additional requirement that must proper. %An pr...

this study is a descriptive - survey and objective evaluation analysis of creation causes on informal settlement shadgholi-khan town of qom city. answer questionnaire by 200 protector of household in shadgholi-khan tow, economic, social and physical variables affective creation of informal settlements in the shadgholi-khan its spatial and local effects are investigated. research findings show t...

Before addressing the question of lessons of development, we must make clear at the outset the sense in which the term is used. Economic development, as distinct from mere economic growth, combines: (1) self-sustaining growth; (2) structural change in patterns of production; (3) technological upgrading; (4) social, political and institutional modernization; and (5) widespread improvement in the...

to day reaching a high economic growth rate is one of the main and important aim of any economic system. today the economists accept that economic stability is a necessary issue, but is not enough for the economic growth, while economic instability is one of the main elements, which restrict economic growth. the aim of this research is analysis of the effect of stability index of economy on eco...

The concept of path dependence refers to a property of contingent, non-reversible dynamical processes, including a wide array of biological and social processes that can properly be described as ‘evolutionary’. To dispel existing confusions in the literature, and clarify the meaning and significance of path dependence for economists, the paper formulates definitions that relate the phenomenon t...

It is argued that the fact that economic systems are dissipative structures must be taken fully into account in economics if we are to understand the nature of the economic–ecological interface and how to deal with emergent environmental problems, such as global warming. Such problems are a product of economic growth, which is widely accepted to be the outcome of the acquisition and application...