Isolated subclavian artery is a rare anomaly where the artery, instead of originating from aorta, connected to ipsilateral pulmonary via ductus arteriosus. Presentation varies asymptomatic vertebrobasilar insufficiency and claudication arm. About 100 odd cases were reported in literature. Some them underwent definitive surgical repair, ie, reimplantation others percutaneous closure patent arter...

Cheating detection in linear secret sharing is considered. The model of cheating extends the Tompa-Woll attack and includes cheating during multiple (unsuccessful) recovery of the secret. It is shown that shares in most linear schemes can be split into subshares. Subshares can be used by participants to trade perfectness of the scheme with cheating prevention. Evaluation of cheating prevention ...

This paper looks at a variety of channels through which TRIPS-plus (TPS) provisions of trade agreements can impose costs or provide benefits to developing countries, by imposing stronger patent protections for pharmaceuticals. It describes these costs and benefits and how in principle it might be possible to quantify them. This summary briefly outlines the discussion of each of the main costs a...

Patents may assist trade in technology either by protecting buyers against the expropriation of the idea by third parties (the appropriation effect) or by enabling sellers to more frankly disclose the idea during the negotiation phase (the disclosure effect). We test for the presence of both these effects using quasiexperimental matching analysis on a novel dataset of 860 technology transaction...

I examine the robustness of monetary equilibria in a random matching model where a more efficient mechanism for trade is available. Agents choose between two trading sectors: the search and the intermediated sector. In the former, trade partners arrive randomly and there is a trading externality. In the latter a costly matching technology provides deterministic double-coincidence matches. Multi...

Multivariate linear regression models suggest a trade-off in allocations of national R&D investments. Government funding, and spending in the higher education sector, seem to encourage publications, whereas other components such as industrial funding, and spending in the business sector, encourage patenting. Our results help explain why the US trails the EU in publications, because of its focus...

OBJECTIVE To report our data on selected patients with previous paradoxical embolism who underwent transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure. METHODS Between July 2001 and July 2007, percutaneous PFO closure was performed on 128 patients (65 women, mean age: 46 +/- 12.8 years). Patent foramen ovale closure was recommended for secondary prevention in patients with previous transient isc...

Using the statistical technique of fuzzy clustering, regimes of inflation and unemployment are explored for the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany between 1871 and 2009. We identify for each country three distinct regimes in inflation/unemployment space. There is considerable similarity across the countries in both the regimes themselves and in the timings of the transitions between ...

Water markets are developing as part of a Council of Australian Governments initiative to promote an efficient use of Australia's water resources. The consequences of these policies on river health is yet to be fully understood, but recognised as having significant interrelationships which need to be explored. This paper examines the consequences of introducing trade and allocating water for en...