OBJECTIVE We have reported further heterogeneity in familial autosomal-dominant hypercholesterolemia (FH) related to mutation in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene previously named neural apoptosis regulated convertase 1 (Narc-1). Our aim was to define the metabolic bases of this new form of hypercholesterolemia. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo kinetics of apolipoprotein B...

This analysis evaluates the effects on lipoprotein subfractions and LDL particle size of ezetimibe/simvastatin with or without coadministration of fenofibrate in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study included 611 patients aged 18-79 years randomized in 1:3:3:3 ratios to one of four 12 week treatment groups: placebo; ezetimib...

Lipoproteins in blood plasma have been quantified and characterized in homozygous Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, an animal model of human familial hypercholesterolemia. Like homozygous human hypercholesterolemics, WHHL rabbits have a severe deficiency of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, a prolonged residence time for LDL, and an increased absolute rate of LDL cataboli...

Obesity and insulin resistance are both associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein profile. We examined the effect of insulin sensitivity and central adiposity on lipoproteins in 196 individuals (75 men and 121 women) with an average age of 52.7 years. Subjects were subdivided into three groups based on BMI and their insulin sensitivity index (S(I)): lean insulin sensitive (n = 65), lean insuli...

Nine normolipidemic males (18-37 years) were fed formula diets containing (as % of calories) egg white protein (15%), glucose polymer:sucrose, 3:1 (54%), and fats (31%) as one of the following: corn oil (corn), corn oil plus 1 gram/day cholesterol (corn+), coconut oil (coco), coconut oil plus 1 gram/day cholesterol (coco+). Two dietary periods of 18 days each were separated by 1 month during wh...

Standard middleware platforms offer Interface definition languages (IDLs) to achieve component interoperability in a heterogeneous computing context. IDLs serve to specify module and interface names, as well as operation signatures. The simplicity of IDLs ensures that they are applicable to a wide range of application domains, can be mapped to a wide variety of implementation languages, and are...

Current information suggests that the major forms of the human B apolipoproteins, B-100 and B-48, are under separate genetic control and are synthesized by the liver and intestine, respectively. The apolipoprotein B composition of plasma lipoproteins has been determined in order to gain insight into the metabolic defects in patients with dyslipoproteinemias. Patients with type I and type V hype...

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is essential for the clearance of plasma chylomicron and VLDL remnants. The human APOE locus is polymorphic and 5-10% of APOE*2 homozygotes exhibit type-III hyperlipoproteinemia (THL), while the remaining homozygotes have less than normal plasma cholesterol. In contrast, mice expressing APOE*2 in place of the mouse Apoe (Apoe(2/2) mice) are markedly hyperlipoproteinemic,...

OBJECTIVE Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) exerts 2 principal actions, comprising enzymatic hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and nonenzymatic ligand capacity for enhancing lipoprotein removal. The common LPLS447X variant has been associated with cardiovascular protection, for which the mechanism is unknown. We therefore evaluated enzymatic and nonenzymatic consequences of this LPL va...

Let L be a non empty relational structure. One can check that idL is monotone. Let S, T be non empty relational structures and let f be a map from S into T . Let us observe that f is antitone if and only if: (Def. 1) For all elements x, y of S such that x ¬ y holds f(x) ­ f(y). Next we state several propositions: (1) Let S, T be relational structures, K, L be non empty relational structures, f ...