Previous studies of the connection between school enrollment size and student achievement use cross-sectional econometric models and thus do not account for unobserved heterogeneity across schools. To address this concern, I utilize school-level panel data, and generate first-differences estimates of the effect of school size on achievement. Moreover, to account for the possibility that trends ...

tion and also to satisfy the conditions on the p's stated in the theorem, it seems necessary to select the p's close to the modulus p. Take s = 4. Thus, for p = 17, if we selectpi = 5., 2 = 6, pA3 = 7,p4 = 8, we find that pit + 1,i21 + 1,31 = 2 and v-,4> 2, whereas if we take A,' = 12, JA2 = 13, ,U3 = 14, and ,4 = 15, we find that each member of (38) reduces to 3 modulo 17. Also, for p = 19, p,...

Should You Compete or Cooperate with Your Schoolmates? Building upon some education studies finding that cooperative behaviour in class yields better achievements among students, this paper presents a simple model showing that free riding incentives lead to an insufficient degree of cooperation between schoolmates, which in turn decreases the overall achievement. A cooperative learning approach...

We estimate the impact of peer gender composition on student achievement, exploiting the random assignment of Korean middle school students to single-sex schools, coeducational schools with single-sex classes, and coeducational schools with mixed-gender classes. Male students attending coeducational schools with single-sex classes perform worse than boys in mixed-gender classes, while those ass...

Head Start and the Distribution of Long Term Education and Labor Market Outcomes* In this paper we investigate the effect of Head Start on long term education and labor market outcomes using data from the NLSY79. The contributions to the existing literature on the effectiveness of Head Start are threefold: (1) we are the first to examine distributional effects of Head Start on long term outcome...

The majority of empirical papers in the literature on school quality finds no or only small effects of class size and other school quality measures on students’ outcomes. This paper analyses the effect of achievement heterogeneity and therefore the effect of the composition rather than the pure size of the class on student achievement. In this endeavor, individual-level data from an internation...

There is substantial interest in development policies related to international migration from developing countries. In the last decade, there has been a wave of rigorous empirical studies (many of which are randomized controlled trials) quantifying the impacts of such policies. This article examines evidence on the impacts of policies in five areas: 1) migration facilitation, 2) migrant educati...

On the Power of Childhood Impressions for Skill Formation: Initial Evidence and Unsettled Questions Manifold childhood impressions result from the interactions with adult caregivers and the environment. These impressions, be they beneficial or detrimental, shape individual skill formation and achievement over the life cycle. The novelty of the paper is that it bonds two different, hitherto sepa...

The Impact of Parents Migration on the Well-being of Children Left Behind: Initial Evidence from Romania Many children grow up with parents working abroad. Economists are interested in the achievement and well-being of these “home alone” children to better understand the positive and negative aspects of migration in the sending countries. This paper examines the causal effects of parents’ migra...

This paper considers the problem of parameter estimation in a model for a continuous response variable y when an important ordinal explanatory variable x is missing for a large proportion of the sample. Nonmissingness of x, or sample selection, is correlated with the response variable and/or with the unobserved values the ordinal explanatory variable takes when missing. We suggest solving the e...