background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (cns) caused by autoreactive t cells against myelin antigens. t-cell immunoglobulin mucin -3 (tim-3) is a negative regulator glycoprotein expressed by a range of immune cells, including, th1 cells, activated cd8+ t cells and in a lower level on th17 cells. a defect in tim-3 regulation has been shown in mu...

objective(s): lupus nephritis (ln) is the main cause of mortality and disability in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) patients. therefore, utilizing a reliable and non-invasive method for serial measurements of renal function seems to be necessary. the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of urinary lipocalin-2 as a biomarker of renal involvement in sle patients.   materials and methods:...

background: the renin-angiotensin system has an important role in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. renin-angiotensin system blockade by angiotensinconverting enzyme (ace) inhibitors provides some protective effects against hepatic fibrogenesis. captopril as an ace inhibitor can decrease inflammatory mediators and attenuate hepatic fibrosis in the livers of bile duct ligated (bdl) rats. object...

epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects different aspects of life; so we studied the quality of life of epileptic patients and compared it with general population of tehran. we collected clinical and demographic data and studied quality of life by using the iranian translation of short form 36 questionnaire version 2 (sf-36). the questionnaires were filled out by 200 patients with epilepsy r...

conclusions the results demonstrated significant associations between the il-10 (ag-1089, il-10ca) and il-12 (aa) gene polymorphisms and a highly increased risk of vur. background vesicoureteral reflux (vur) is a common childhood disorder that is characterized by the abnormal movement of urine from the bladder into the ureters or kidneys. objectives the aim of this study was to determine whethe...

it is widely thought that bcl-2 family proteins regulate commitment to apoptosis primarily through their capacity to control the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (momp) triggers the release of multiple apoptogenic factors into the cytosol and, thereby apoptosis. various bcl-2 family members affect this key event of the apoptotic cascade in different ways, determ...

two simple visible spectrophotometric methods are developed and validated for the quantification of modafinil using 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonic acid (nqs method) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (dnp method) as analytical reagents. the nqs method involves the reaction of modafinil with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate in alkaline medium at room conditions to form a yellow colored product exhibiting maxi...