Variations in fruits morphology of Tilia spp. were studied along longitudinal and altitudinal range. Ten populations of Tilia spp.from Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan Provinces (N. Iran) were selected. After biometrical measurements and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), Cluster Analysis divided the population into seven groups. Discriminat Analysis showed that among all traits studied, size o...

hyrcanian (caspian) forest in northern iran with many endemic and endangered species is a rich area for biodiversity. the use of ground-based skidding is well accepted practice for the extraction of timber from the forest, but this has tended to cause the greatest environmental problems. the aim of the study was to evaluate and comparison of environmental impacts, residual stand damage, regener...

The Hyrcanian forests of Iran are mainly managed with the single-selection silvicultural technique. Despite significant ecological benefits associated selection cutting, this type forest management leads towards more challenging situations where it is difficult to maintain and practice successful forestry than in even-aged systems. Therefore, study provides relevant tools form models estimate l...