OBJECTIVE To review the term hyperchloraemic acidosis. DATA SOURCES Articles and reviews from peer reviewed journals on acid-base physiology. SUMMARY OF REVIEW The concept of hyperchloraemic acidosis is well established in medicine and regularly taught to medical students. Unfortunately, it is yet another medical misnomer. Hyperchloraemic acidosis is only likely to exist with normal plasma ...

A 45-year-old Caucasian male with a 16-year history of HIV-1 infection and a 5-year history of ileocecal nonHodgkin lymphoma was admitted to the emergency room with fever, and abdominal pain and distension. In the previous month, he noticed abdominal pain. A CT scan and colonoscopy were performed and confirmed tumour relapse involving the distal ileum, caecum and right colon. At admission, the ...

BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate the unknown mechanism of osmomediated natriuresis. This is the phenomenon by which hypertonic saline (HS) produces a larger natriuresis than isotonic saline (IS), despite the same sodium content. METHODS Seven healthy volunteers first received HS and then IS (both 3.85 mmol sodium/kg). To investigate the role of calcium metabolism, four patients received ...

A 66-year-old Caucasian male became unconscious 2 weeks after initiation of add-on therapy with empagliflozin for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. The inpatient had recently suffered focal pontine stroke, rendering him bedridden and requiring increased nursing care, including assistance with drinking. The patient had received empagliflozin 10 mg once daily for glycaemic control. Inve...

OBJECTIVES Adrenal insufficiency is an uncommon cause of hyponatraemia that should not be overlooked due to the severe consequences of an Addisonian crisis. Using the laboratory database of a large teaching hospital, we have explored the relationship between serum sodium and serum cortisol, and have estimated the frequency of hypoadrenalism in severely hyponatraemic patients. DESIGN AND METHO...

OBJECTIVE Report on survival to discharge of children in a combined paediatric/neonatal intensive care unit (PNICU). DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective cross-sectional record review. PARTICIPANTS All children (medical and surgical patients) admitted to PNICU between 1 January 2013 and 30 June 2015. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome-survival to discharge. Secondary outcomes-disease profiles a...

CASE SUMMARY A 5-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred with a history of persistent pyrexia, pica, soft faeces, inappetence, intermittent vomiting, mild-to-moderate granulocytosis and mild hypercalcaemia. No significant improvement was noted after antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment, except that the hypercalcaemia resolved. Physical examination, including thoracic auscu...