Palladium-catalyzed oxidation can single out the secondary hydroxyl group at C3 in glucose, circumventing the more readily accessible hydroxyl at C6 and the more reactive anomeric hydroxyl. Oxidation followed by reduction results in either allose or allitol, each a rare sugar that is important in biotechnology. Also, N-acetylglucosamine is selectively oxidized at C3. These results demonstrate t...

The polarity of a series of ionic liquids (ILs) based on hydroxyethyl-imidazolium moiety with various anions ([PF(6)], [NTf(2)], [ClO(4)], [DCA], [NO(3)], [AC], and [Cl]) and their corresponding nonhydroxyl ILs was investigated by solvatochromic dyes and fluorescence probe molecules. Most of the nonhydroxyl ILs exhibit anion-independent polarity with similar E(T)(30) in the narrow range of 50.7...

Selectivity of catechol O-methyltransferase has been examined for the three ring-fluorinated norepinephrines to elucidate the role of acidity of the phenolic groups in their methylation. Substitution of fluorine at the 5-position of norepinephrine reverses the selectivity of catechol O-methyltransferase so that p-O-methylation predominates. The 5-fluoro substituent also causes the pKa of the p-...

It has been reported by Murray, Booth, DeEds, and Jones (1) that oral administration of rutin, or its aglycone quercetin, to rabbits results in the urinary excretion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA) . Subsequently, Booth et al. (2) showed that oral administration of these flavonoids also resulted in the excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid (HVA)) , and p...

The functional groups found among the RNA bases and in the phosphoribose backbone represent a limited repertoire from which to construct a ribozyme active site. This work investigates the possibility that simple RNA phosphodiester and hydroxyl functional groups could catalyze amide bond synthesis. Reaction of amine groups with activated esters would be catalyzed by a group that stabilizes the p...

Curcumin is extracted from the rhizomes of the traditional Chinese herb Curcuma longa. Our previous study indicated curcumin was able to function as a sonosensitizer. Hydroxyl acylated curcumin was synthesized from curcumin to eliminate the unstable hydroxy perssad in our group. The potential use of Hydroxyl acylated curcumin as a sonosensitizer for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) requires further ex...

A classical force field approach was used to characterize the solvation dynamics of high-density CO₂(g) by monoethanolamine (MEA) at the air-liquid interface. Intra- and intermolecular CO₂ and MEA potentials were parameterized according to the energetics calculated at the MP2 and BLYP-D2 levels of theory. The thermodynamic properties of CO₂ and MEA, such as heat capacity and melting point, were...

In this report, ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy is used to study the rotational motion of the liquid ethanol molecule. The results showed that the methyl, methylene, and CO groups have close rotational relaxation times, 1-2 ps, and the rotational relaxation time of the hydroxyl group (-OH) is 8.1 ps. The fast motion of the methyl, methylene and CO groups, and the slow motion of th...

Four hydroxyl groups of pyripyropenes have been modified and evaluated for their ability to inhibit microsomal acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in vitro and to lower cholesterol absorption in vivo in a cholesterol-fed hamster. 7-O-n-Valeryl derivative (8c) improved the in vitro ACAT inhibitory activity (IC50 = 13 nM) about 7 times better than pyripyropene A. Introduction of ...