Bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2 and BMP4) inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation of cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) and primary GNP-like medulloblastoma (MB) cells. This occurs through rapid proteasome-mediated degradation of Math1 (Atoh1), a transcription factor expressed in proliferating GNPs. Ectopic expression of Atoh1, but not of Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-regulate...

Cancer ranks among the leading causes of human mortality. Cancer becomes intractable when it spreads from the primary tumor site to various organs (such as bone, lung, liver, and then brain). Unlike solid tumor cells, cancer stem cells and metastatic cancer cells grow in a non-attached (suspension) form when moving from their source to other locations in the body. Due to the non-attached growth...

Graphite nanoplates (GnPs) are exfoliated graphite particles in the form of thin flakes—with large surface areas and nanosized thicknesses— that tend to agglomerate because of van der Waals interactions. GnPs are commonly used to reinforce composite materials. It is expected that maximum composite performance levels should occur when GnP agglomerates are dispersed within the polymer matrix as p...

Introduction During the process photodynamic therapy (PDT), bleaching of photosensitizer induced by irradiation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can provide some information concerning the efficiency of treatment. Since gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been highlighted as efficient drug delivery systems, in this study, by utilizing GNPs conjugated with 5 aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA-...

Background: Acoustic cavitation which occurs at high intensities of ultrasound waves can be fatal for tumor cells; however, it can be used to destroy cancer cells as an efficient therapeutic method. On the other hand, it is known that the existence of nanoparticles in a liquid decreases the acoustic cavitation onset threshold. Materials and Methods: In this work, the combined effects of therape...

Background: Nanoparticles (NPs) are small-sized particles with dimensions of 1 - 100 nm that have various medical and pharmaceutical technology applications. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to develop a quick, green, eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis gold NPs (AMGNPs) using aqueous extract Achillea millefolium (AM) evaluate effects them on preantral follicle (PF) maturation in vitro ...

conclusions due to the significant reduction in the mean inactivation dose of colon cancer cells in the presence of gold nanoparticles, it seems that gnps are suitable options to achieve a new approach in order to improve radiotherapy efficiency without increasing the prescribed radiation dose. results cell survival in the presence of gnps was more than 90% and the maximum uptake of gnps was ob...

Here, we report the formulation of hybrid nanoparticles consisting of aggregated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) impregnated into a gemcitabine–polymer conjugate matrix that exhibit synergistic photo-chemotherapeutic activity against pancreatic cancer. Well-defined, sub-100 nm hybrid NPs were successfully formulated and their photothermal conversion efficiency was evaluated, which was found to be as ...

Aim: The aim of the present study was to synthesize different sizes of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and their characterization for use as a label in lateral flow assay particular for the detection of bluetongue in small ruminants. Materials and Methods: Size controlled synthesis of GNPs was done by using different concentration of sodium citrate. In this study, five different types of GNP were syn...

A series of high loading Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with a small particle size uniformly dispersed on graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) have been synthesized in the presence of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid (Pt/I-IL (x)/GNPs). I-IL, an amphoteric ion used as an additive agent to stabilize Pt NPs, can also prevent the aggregation of the GNPs. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction, transmission...