Both the anti-nutritional and beneficial effects of secondary compounds in a range of temperate and tropical forages have been reviewed. Major secondary compounds in temperate and tropical forage plants occur in the phenolic fraction and include condensed and hydrolysable tannins, phenolic monomers and lignin. Condensed tannins (CT) bind to plant protein by pH-reversible hydrogen bonding. In te...

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a native grass species of the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa (Kimber 2000). Sorghum is a genetically diverse crop and contains some genotypes that have a pigmented testa and therefore contain tannins (Rooney et al 1980; Rooney and Miller 1982). Such lines have the dominant B1_B2_ genes and are the only sorghum types with tannins (Blakeley et al 1979)...

The structures of the condensed tannins from leaf, stem bark and root bark of Acacia confusa were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, and their antioxidant activities were measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results s...

Hydrolysable polyphenols are present in Myriophyllum spicatum L. at high concentrations of up to 25% of dry matter and are also excreted. Bacteria associated with the submerged macrophyte M. spicatum isolated from the surrounding water column and epiphytic biofilm were tested for their ability to degrade polyphenols. Several bacterial isolates were capable of growing with tannic acid as the sol...

It is well established that a tonic increase in the availability of the atrial muscarinic K(+) channels, either by enhanced vagal tone or by steady infusion of a low-dose of cholinergic or adenosine receptor agonists, promotes the genesis of atrial fibrillation. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis that bolus administration of a muscarinic receptor agonist would destabilize and terminate atria...

The effect of commercially available chestnut and mimosa tannins in vitro (experiment 1) or in vivo (experiment 2) on the growth or recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 or generic fecal E. coli was evaluated. In experiment 1, the mean growth rate of E. coli O157:H7, determined via the measurement of optical density at 600 nm during anaerobic culture in tryptic soy broth at 37 degrees C, was red...

Gallic acid: An anticandidal compound in hydrolysable tannin extracted from the barks of Rhizophora apiculata BlumeLim Sheh Hong, Darah Ibrahim, Jain Kassim, Suraya Sulaiman

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . 210 CHEMISTRY O F T A N N I N S . . . 210 OCCURRENCE O F T A N N I N S . . 211 G E N E R A L . . . 211 T A N N I N S IN CEREALS A N D LEGUME SEEDS . . 213 N A T U R A L FUNCTION O F T A N N I N S . . 215 T A N N I N ANALYSIS . . 215 COLORIMETRIC METHODS . . 215 Vanillin assay . . 215 Folin Denis assay . . 216 Prussian blue assay . . 216 Acid butanol assay . . 216 P R O...