Distributed optical fibre sensing, employing either Rayleigh, Raman, or Brillouin scattering, is the only physical-contact sensor technology capable of accurately estimating physical fields with spatial continuity along the fibre. This unique feature and the other features of standard optical fibre sensors (e.g., minimal invasiveness and lightweight, remote powering/interrogating capabilities) ...

In this paper, we investigate soil moisture, evapotranspiration and other major water balance components over six sites in the Sand Hills of Nebraska during a 6-year period (1998-2003) using a hydrological model. We simulate water budget components including root zone soil moisture and found that model predictions of soil moisture compare reasonably well with observations for these sites. In th...

In the present research, we exploited a continuous hydrological simulation to investigate on key variables responsible of flood peak formation. With this purpose, a distributed hydrological model (DREAM) is used in cascade with a rainfall generator (IRP-Iterated Random Pulse) to simulate a large number of extreme events providing insight into the main controls of flood generation mechanisms. In...

This paper investigates the role of the production function approach in capturing the value of hydrological services of wetland ecosystems. Hydrological research in the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands in northern Nigeria suggests that the major role of the wet season inundation of the wetlands is in recharging the underlying aquifers. This paper shows that the hydrological services extend beyond direct ...

mitigate the negative effects and increase the benefits of water depletion on society. Currently, water professionals do not have a common framework that links hydrological flows to user groups of water and their benefits. The absence of a standard hydrological and water management summary is causing confusion and wrong decisions. The non-availability of water flow data is one of the underpinni...

This paper1 evaluates the reliability of modeling in the Drought Exceptional Circumstances Report (DECR) where global circulation (or climate) simulations were used to forecast future extremes of temperatures, rainfall and soil moisture. The DECR provided the Australian government with an assessment of the likely future change in the extent and frequency of drought resulting from anthropogenic ...

The Domestic Benefits Tropical forests can potentially produce hydrological benefits of Tropical Forests and yield economically vafuable nontimber forest A Critical Review Emphasizing products. But the levels of these benefits are poorly Hydrological Functions understood, likely to be highly context-specific. and Kenneth M. Chomitz may often be smaller than Kanta Kumari popularly supposed. This...

The prediction of hydrological dynamics is an important issue in the scientific community of hydrologists and modellers and essential for integrated water resources decision support. However, the utilization of hydrological models in regions with no or a limited amount of measured data is restricted. Remote sensing techniques provide the means to derive such information, e.g. land cover or soil...

Extreme flood events have been and continue to be one of the most important natural hazards responsible for deaths and economic losses. Extreme floods result in direct destructive effects during the time of the event, and they also may be followed by a related chain of indirect calamities such as famines and epidemics that produce additional damages and suffering. Extreme hydrological events th...

Hydrological data are often missing due to natural disasters, improper operation, limited equipment life, and other factors, which limit hydrological analysis. Therefore, missing data recovery is an essential process in hydrology. This paper investigates the accuracy of artificial neural networks (ANN) in estimating missing flow records. The purpose is to develop and apply neural networks model...