Hydrogen that used as fuel in fuel cell vehicles can be produced from renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydro technologies. PV-electrolyzer is one of the promising methods to produce hydrogen with zero pollution emission. Hydrogen production from a PV-electrolyzer system depends on the efficiency of the electrolyzer and photovoltaic array, and sun irradiance at that site. In this study...

Catalytic decomposition of ammonia has been investigated as a method to produce hydrogen for fuel cell applications. The absence of any undesirable by-products (unlike, e.g., COx , formed during reforming of hydrocarbons and alcohols) makes this process an ideal source of hydrogen for fuel cells. In this study a variety of supported metal catalysts have been studied. Supported Ru catalysts were...

The recovery of clean energy in the form of methane-containing biogas is starting to receive tremendous attention in South Africa. However, it is unclear whether the transition from standard bio-methane production to waste-based bio-hydrogen production would improve or worsen the environmental and energetic performance as quantified by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The results of this study show...

Depletion of fossil fuels and environmental considerations have led engineers and scientists to anticipate the need to develop a clean, renewable and sustainable energy system. In general, they agree that in such a system hydrogen will be used as an energy carrier. One of the areas in which hydrogen will be replacing fossil fuels is air transportation, an area that has been under research for s...

Hydrogen induction strategy in ICE plays a vital role in increasing the power density and prohibiting combustion anomalies. This paper inspects the performance characteristics of cylinder hydrogen fueled engine with port injection feeding strategy (PIH2ICE). To that end, a one dimensional gas dynamic model has been built to represent the flow and heat transfer in the components of the engine. T...

in isobaric models for inertial confinement fusion it is assumed that the target configurationat stagnation time (maximum compression) consists of two regions, hot spark and cold fuel, respectively.here the conditions of spark formation and ignition in hydrogen equimolar isotopes in central sparkignition are investigated and permissible values of hs and ts are evaluated numerically. by introduc...

NIST work on the properties of hydrogen has been incorporated into two new standards that will support the development of hydrogen as a fuel in vehicle applications. A new, simplified equation for the density of hydrogen gas was developed for the draft SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) procedure J2572. The NIST REFPROP equations for the thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrogen for...

We demonstrate a microfluidic fuel cell incorporating hydrogen peroxide oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 is available at high concentrations, is highly soluble and exhibits a high standard reduction potential. It also enables fuel cell operation where natural convection of air is limited or anaerobic conditions prevail, as in submersible and space applications. As fuel cell performance criticall...

A fuel-cycle model—called the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model—has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory to evaluate well-to-wheels (WTW) energy and emission impacts of motor vehicle technologies fueled with various transportation fuels. The new GREET version has up-to-date information regarding energy use and emissions for fuel produ...