Literature on hydrocarbon degradation in extreme hypersaline media presents studies that point to a negative effect of salinity increase on hydrocarbonoclastic activity, while several others report an opposite tendency. Based on information available in the literature, we present a discussion on the reasons that justify these contrary results. Despite the fact that microbial ability to metaboli...

Hazards caused by leakage of hydrocarbons have long been a problem. In this paper, the critical initiation energy and explosion limits of some hydrocarbon-air mixtures have been measured in confined (rectangle shock tube) and unconfined (plastic bag) condition tests. Two dimensionless parameters are suggested to compare the fire and explosion hazards of different hydrocarbons. Additionally, a s...

in this paper the issue of evaluating iranian oil refineries performance has been discussed. the research is based on math modelling by operational research techniques. to do so, of the proposed scenarios and different math programming models, a model is made by combining dea with goal programming techniques that compared with the old classical dea models which measures the efficiency and produ...

Our purpose is to formalize two potential refinements of single-sorted algebraic data types – subalgebras and algebras which satisfy equivalence relations – by considering their categorical interpretation. We review the usual categorical formalization of singleand multi-sorted algebraic data types as initial algebras, and the correspondence between algebraic data types and endofunctors. We intr...