Responsiveness of 143 preoptic neurons to changes in hypothalamic temperature and to non-thermal emotional stimuli were investigated while rewarding (foods) and aversive objects (hypertonic saline, a toy snake, an air puffer) were given. About 71% of thermosensitive neurons and 32% of thermally insensitive neurons changed the activity when emotional stimuli were shown to and/or tasted by the mo...

Meal variety has been shown to increase energy intake in humans by an average of 29%. Historically, research exploring the mechanism underlying this effect has focused on physiological and psychological processes that terminate a meal (e.g., sensory-specific satiety). We sought to explore whether meal variety stimulates intake by influencing pre-meal planning. We know that individuals use prior...

Restraint theory has been used to model the process that produces binge eating. However, there is no satisfactory explanation for the tendency of restrained eaters (REs) to engage in counterregulatory eating, an ostensible analogue of binge eating. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the authors investigated brain activation of normal weight REs (N = 9) and unrestrained eaters (...

• Subjective time perception from last consumption episode influences satiation. • When a consumption episode is made to feel recent consumption decreases. • When a consumption episode is made to feel distant consumption increases. • Curbing consumption in the field is accomplished through a simple intervention. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Although people recover from satiation with t...

During Pavlovian incentive learning, the affective properties of rewards are thought to be transferred to their predicting cues. However, how rewards are represented emotionally in animals is widely unknown. This study sought to determine whether 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in rats may signal such a state of incentive motivation to natural, nutritional rewards. To this end, rats lear...

Corresponding author: Miroslav Ilić, Clinic for Thoracic Surgery, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Put doktora Goldmana br. 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia. Telephone: +381/21/480-5100 email: drmiroslavilic@ gmail.com Funding: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This research did not receive any financial support. Conflict of interest: None. Abstract The ...