Since 2010, and in line with austerity measures, public employment public-sector compensations to employees have been significantly reduced most Euro Area member states particularly Spain Greece. At the same time, unemployment these two economies was greatly increasing. In a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, we demonstrate that cuts wages are more damaging terms of output los...

this study will provide detailed specification of those variables and determinants of unpredictable health expenditure in iran, and the requirements to reduce extensive effects of the factors affecting households' payments for health and other goods and services inappropriately.this study aims to identify measures of fair financing of health services and determinants of fair financing contribut...

in nigeria, crowded housing is one of the housing stresses that bother policy-makers and housing authorities.this study examines the crowding levels in seven marital status categories among the occupants of lagos state development and property corporation’s apartments. the focus is on the capacity of an apartment’s internal spaces to meet the sleeping needs of households in different marital ar...

in nigeria, crowded housing is one of the housing stresses that bother policy-makers and housing authorities.this study examines the crowding levels in seven marital status categories among the occupants of lagos state development and property corporation’s apartments. the focus is on the capacity of an apartment’s internal spaces to meet the sleeping needs of households in different marital ar...

background : health policy makers are concerned about protecting people from catastrophic health expenditures and subsequent impoverishment. this study aimed to describe the magnitude and distribution of catastrophic health expenditures in kermanshah western iran. methods : in this descriptive study, during may 2008, 189 households were chosen by “systematic random sampling” among the commu...

Abstract Foreseeable income reductions around retirement should not affect aggregate consumption. However, given higher leisure endowments after retirement, theory also predicts lower consumption of substitutes. To avoid misinterpreting this predicted drop as a puzzle, our novel approach focuses on housing (complementary to in utility) and controls for changes. In Germany tenants represent roug...

Abstract We show that the path of inflation under quantitative easing policies target interest rates, is determinate in presence default. achieve this through different payoff profiles a collateralised defaultable bond achieves states nature with distinct default outcomes. In model, heterogeneous households trade and other shorter maturity risk-free bonds to maximize their intertemporal utility...

This study examined the effects of climate change on food expenditure in rural household of Iran. Food expenditure is investigated as a function of average income of rural households, retail food price index and food expenditure for rural households, agricultural sown area and climate change. Here, the Stata11 software is used and data are from 26 provinces of the country for 10 years. Precipit...