With decades of economic growth and socio-economic transformation, China’s residential sector has seen rapid expansion in energy consumption, and is now the second largest energy consuming sector in the country. Faced with challenges of energy resource depletion and natural environment deterioration, China has been intensifying its efforts on energy conservation and emissions reductions in the ...

introduction : students’ satisfaction of their supervisor is very important in the process of writing a thesis; while satisfaction is present, favorable outcomes could be expected. this study compared graduate students’ satisfaction of their supervisors from various departments. materials and methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2013, 90 graduate students who had ente...

Dear Editor, The relationship between the PhD supervisorand the PhD student is a complex one. Whenthis relationship is neither effective nor efficient,it may yield negative consequences, such asacademic failure (1).The intricacy of the supervisor-studentrelationship may be in part comparable to the onebetween the physician and his/her patient [see,for example (2)]. Both interactions develop ove...

BACKGROUND Cancer survival has been observed to be poorer in low socioeconomic groups, but the knowledge about the underlying causal factors is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine how cancer survival varies by socioeconomic status (SES) among women in Norway, and to identify factors that explain this variation. SES was measured by years of education and gross household income, res...

Children's food behaviors have been expressed in a various ways because of recent changes in their family environment. Thus, this study was performed to investigate in-depth qualitative research on the mother's perception on children's food behaviors by focused group interview. This study was designed in four steps of planning, collection of participants, process, and analysis. Participants for...

BACKGROUND To assess the socio-demographic and health-related risk factors associated with cataract subtypes in Korea. METHODS A total of 11,591 participants (aged ≥40 years) were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2008 and 2010. The Korean Ophthalmologic Society conducted detailed ophthalmologic examinations on these participants based on the Le...

BACKGROUND Achieving gender equality in education is an important development goal. We tested the hypothesis that the gender gap in adolescent education is accentuated by illnesses among young children in the household. METHODS Using Demographic and Health Surveys on 41 821 households in 38 low- and middle-income countries, we used linear regression to estimate the difference in the probabili...

Many studies recommend making primary education the priority investment in developing countries, because of its impact on economic growth and other development goals. Yet few developing countries achieve universal primary education despite numerous international commitments to this goal. This study focuses on Papua New Guinea, where over one-quarter of children are out of school. Household surv...

BACKGROUND Multi-foetal pregnancies and multiple births including twins and higher order multiples births such as triplets and quadruplets are high-risk pregnancy and birth. These high-risk groups contribute to the higher rate of childhood mortality especially during early period of life. METHODS We examined the relationship between multiple births and infant mortality using univariable and m...

Obesity prevalence varies by income and education level, although patterns might differ among adults and youths (1-3). Previous analyses of national data showed that the prevalence of childhood obesity by income and education of household head varied across race/Hispanic origin groups (4). CDC analyzed 2011-2014 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to obtain e...