introduction:temporomandibular disorders (tmds) are referred to signs and symptoms involving masti catory muscles, temporomandibular joint and rele vant structures. having been prevalent noticeably, we decided to evaluate the frequency of tmd, among patients referred to the dental clinic of guilan university of medical sciences. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study, a sample of ...

A new method for representing and recognizing human body movements is presented. Assuming the availability of Cartesian tracking data, we develop techniques for representation of movements based on space curves in subspaces of a “phase space.” The phase space has axes of joint angles and torso location and attitude, and the axes of the subspaces are subsets of the axes of the phase space. Using...

The closed-loop operation of brain-machine interfaces (BMI) provides a context to discover foundational principles behind human-computer interaction, with emerging clinical applications to stroke, neuromuscular diseases, and trauma. In the canonical BMI, a user controls a prosthetic limb through neural signals that are recorded by electrodes and processed by a decoder into limb movements. In la...

1. Normal human subjects made discrete elbow flexions in the horizontal plane under different task conditions of initial or final position, inertial loading, or instruction about speed. We measured joint angle, acceleration, and electromyographic signals (EMGs) from two agonist and two antagonist muscles. 2. For many of the experimental tasks, the latency of the antagonist EMG burst was strongl...

Magneto-Inertial Measurement Unit sensors (MIMU) display high potential for the quantitative evaluation of upper limb kinematics, as they allow monitoring ambulatory measurements. The sensor-to-segment calibration step, consisting of establishing the relation between MIMU sensors and human segments, plays an important role in the global accuracy of joint angles. The aim of this study was to com...

We have almost no understanding of how our joints take on their range of distinctive shapes, despite the clinical relevance of joint morphogenesis to postnatal skeletal malformations such as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). In this study, we investigate the role of spontaneous prenatal movements in joint morphogenesis using pharmacological immobilization of developing chicks, and asses...

In recent years it has become possible for the first time to support the term "joint sense" with scientific evidence which proves that such a mechanism actually does exist. In 1944 Gardner' presented a thorough investigation of the innervation of the knee joint in cats and described the various types of sensory endings which are found in the capsule. He concluded that the Ruffini type endings a...

The patterns of joint torques and movement strategies underlying human balance corrections were examined using a postural model. Two types of support-surface perturbation, dorsiflexion rotation (ROT) and rearward translation (TRANS), were employed. These two perturbations were adjusted to produce similar profiles of ankle dorsiflexion in order to obtain information on the role of lower leg prop...

Insects are capable of efficient locomotion in a spatially complex environment, such as walking on a forest floor or climbing in a bush. One behavioural mechanism underlying such adaptability is the searching movement that occurs after loss of ground contact. Here, the kinematic sequence of leg searching movements of the stick insect Carausius morosus is analysed. Searching movements are shown ...