In monocular vision, the horizontal/vertical aspect ratio (shape) of a frontoparallel rectangle can be based on the comparison of the perceived directions of the rectangle's edges. In binocular vision of a typical three-dimensional scene (when occlusions are present), this is not the case: Frontoparallel rectangles would be perceived in a distorted fashion if an observer were to base perceived ...

We study the crustal structure of southern California by inverting horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) amplitudes of Rayleigh waves observed in noise cross-correlation signals. This study constitutes a useful addition to traditional phase-velocity-based tomographic inversions due to the localized sensitivity of H/V measurements to the near surface of the measurement station site. The continuous data o...

Spectral irradiance calibrations often require that irradiance standard lamps be oriented differently than the normal calibration orientation used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and at other standards laboratories. For example, in solar measurements the instruments are generally upward viewing, requiring horizontal working standards for minimization of irradiance calibrat...

Assessment uniformity in ad valorem taxation has been carefully examined for single-family residential properties. The findings of such studies are mixed, but research commonly reports nonuniform outcomes in the appraisal of residential properties. In this paper we analyze the uniformity of the property appraisal outcome for multifamily apartment complexes in Phoenix, Arizona. Specifically we i...

The writers of this paper see the current highway design standards as a two-dimensional projection which the horizontal and vertical alignments are treated separately. A model developed in this paper considers and study the sight distance as a three-dimensional alignment on the design requirements. The paper examines the required minimum radius of a horizontal curve combined with a crest or sag...

The photic orientation of Limax creeping geotropically upon a vertical plate is such that the phototropic vector determining the angular deflection beta from the vertical path is proportional to log I. This is proved by the fact that with horizontal illumination tan beta is directly proportional to log I; with non-horizontal light rays from a small source the ratio See PDF for Equation is direc...

Structural damage to r.c. buildings located in a near-fault area has been observed during strong ground motions, with long-duration horizontal pulses and high values of the ratio between the peak value of the vertical acceleration and the analogous value of the horizontal acceleration. The design provisions of current seismic codes are generally not very accurate for assessing the structural ef...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to evaluate the number of eyedrops available per bottle of a variety of commonly prescribed glaucoma medications. METHODS Six bottles of each glaucoma medication were tested: three each in the vertical and horizontal orientations. Bottles were housed in a customized force gauge apparatus designed to mimic ballpoint fingertip contact with a bottle. At a ...