recognition of relationship between the present day stress state and fractures is very important in fractured reservoirs. fractures that are parallel or oblique to maximum horizontal stress have more tendencies to tensile deformation and tensile deformed fractures will be more permeable. the dalan formation is one of the main gas reservoirs of iran witch most of the production from this formati...

This is a contribution to the history of scientific advance in the past 70 years concerning the identification of genetic information, its molecular structure, the identification of its functions and the molecular mechanisms of its evolution. Particular attention is thereby given to horizontal gene transfer among microorganisms, as well as to biosafety considerations with regard to beneficial a...

This article reviews research on the evolutionary mechanisms leading to different transmission modes. Such modes are often under genetic control of the host or the pathogen, and often in conflict with each other via trade-offs. Transmission modes may vary among pathogen strains and among host populations. Evolutionary changes in transmission mode have been inferred through experimental and phyl...

A theory for the evolution of cellular organization is presented. The model is based on the (data supported) conjecture that the dynamic of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is primarily determined by the organization of the recipient cell. Aboriginal cell designs are taken to be simple and loosely organized enough that all cellular componentry can be altered and/or displaced through HGT, making H...

Enterobacteriaceae with blaNDM-7 are relatively uncommon and had previously been described in Europe, India, the United States, and Japan. This study describes the characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella pneumoniae [n = 2], Escherichia coli [n = 2], Serratia marcescens [n = 1], and Enterobacter hormaechei [n = 1] isolates) with blaNDM-7 obtained from 4 patients from Calgary, Canada, f...

It has been suggested that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the "essence of phylogeny." In contrast, much data suggest that this is an exaggeration resulting in part from a reliance on inadequate methods to identify HGT events. In addition, the assumption that HGT is a ubiquitous influence throughout evolution is questionable. Instead, rampant global HGT is likely to have been relevant only to...

Sliced dry-cured ham arranged in ready-to-eat packages is a convenient and widely consumed commodity characterised by heterogeneity composition not only among different industrial batches but also through their horizontal vertical profiles, making precise nutrition labelling of the difficult task. Hyperspectral imaging techniques can serve as steadfast solution to predict overall major constitu...

Many bacterial and archaeal lineages have a history of extensive and ongoing horizontal gene transfer and loss, as evidenced by the large differences in genome content even among otherwise closely related isolates. How ecologically cohesive populations might evolve and be maintained under such conditions of rapid gene turnover has remained controversial. Here we synthesize recent literature dem...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exogenous application of estrogens or progesterone ameliorates hypoxic/ischemic cell damage. This study investigates whether values of primary and induced hypoxic tolerance vary endogenously during the estrus cycle in female mice. METHODS Population spike amplitude (PSA) and NADH were measured during hypoxic hypoxia and recovery in hippocampal slices from untreated cont...