Flowers play an essential role in removing the duller from environment. The life cycle of flowering plants involves pollination, fertilization, flowering, seed- formation, dispersion, and germination. Honeybees pollinate approximately 75% all plants. Environmental pollution, climate change, natural landscape demolition, so on, threaten habitats, thus continuously reducing number honeybees. As a...

The aim of the work presented here was to characterise proteomic shifts that occur in worker honeybees as they transition from summer winter. Label-free quantitative analysis performed on heads Apis mellifera collected July October compare proteomes bees colony progressed autumn. Analysis highlighted differential protein expression between emerged and hive (early late) forager bees, highlightin...