Informally, a homotopy monoid is a monoid-like structure in which properties such as associativity only hold ‘up to homotopy’ in some consistent way. This short paper comprises a rigorous definition of homotopy monoid and a brief analysis of some examples. It is a much-abbreviated version of the paper ‘Homotopy Algebras for Operads’ (math.QA/0002180), and does not assume any knowledge of operads.

This paper is the second part of a series of papers about a new notion of T-homotopy of flows. It is proved that the old definition of T-homotopy equivalence does not allow the identification of the directed segment with the 3-dimensional cube. This contradicts a paradigm of dihomotopy theory. A new definition of T-homotopy equivalence is proposed, following the intuition of refinement of obser...

We study some properties of A-homotopy groups: geometric interpretations of connectivity, excision results, and a re-interpretation of geometric quotients by solvable groups in terms of covering spaces in the sense of A-homotopy theory. These concepts and results are well-suited to the study of certain quotients via geometric invariant theory. As a case study in geometry of solvable group quoti...

There are algorithms for finding zeros or fixed points of nonlinear systems of equations that are globally convergent for almost all starting points, i.e., with probability one. The essence of all such algorithms is the construction of an appropriate homotopy map and then tracking some smooth curve in the zero set of this homotopy map. HOMPACK is a mathematical software package implementing glo...

We introduce three generalizations of homotopy equivalence in digital images, to allow us to express whether a finite and an infinite digital image are similar with respect to homotopy. We show that these three generalizations are not equivalent to ordinary homotopy equivalence, and give several examples. We show that, like homotopy equivalence, our three generalizations imply isomorphism of fu...

We show that Chen-Ruan cohomology is a homotopy invariant in certain cases. We introduce the notion of a T -representation homotopy which is a stringent form of homotopy under which Chen-Ruan cohomology is invariant. We show that while hyperkähler quotients of T C by S (here termed weighted hyperprojective spaces) are homotopy equivalent to weighted projective spaces, they are not S-representat...

in this paper, we consider the inhomogeneous time-fractional nonlinear fisher equation with three known boundary conditions. we first apply a modified homotopy perturbation method for translating the proposed problem to a set of linear problems. then we use the separation variables  method to solve obtained problems. in examples, we illustrate that by right choice of source term in the modified...

This paper presents adaptive algorithms for eigenvalue problems associated with non-selfadjoint partial differential operators. The basis for the developed algorithms is a homotopy method which departs from a wellunderstood selfadjoint problem. Apart from the adaptive grid refinement, the progress of the homotopy as well as the solution of the iterative method are adapted to balance the contrib...

We study several properties of a homotopy solution mapping, based on Zhang and Zhang's homotopy formulation, for continuous nonlinear complementarity problems with such non-monotone maps as quasi-monotone, E 0-, and exceptional regular functions. For these classes of complementarity problems, we establish several suucient conditions to assure the nonemptyness and boundedness of the homotopy sol...

Shape theory is an extension of homotopy theory which uses the idea of homotopy in its conception. By comparison, the theory of n-shape, which heretofore only has been defined for metrizable compacta, has as its basic notion that of n-homotopy instead of homotopy. We shall demonstrate that the theory of n-shape extends to the class of all Hausdorff compacta.