For economical and ecological reasons, synthetic chemists are confronted with the increasing obligation of optimizing their synthetic methods. Maximizing efficiency and minimizing costs in the production of molecules and macromolecules constitutes, therefore, one of the most exciting challenges of synthetic chemistry.1-3 The ideal synthesis should produce the desired product in 100% yield and s...

Discrete and homogeneous models of a structured material are considered to resolve di0culties in the analysis of dynamic phase transition. The discrete model is a chain consisting of particles connected by massless bonds, while the continuous model is represented by a partial di3erential equation with higher than the second order of coordinate derivatives. The macrolevel constitutive law is rep...

Immunoassays are now very widely used in the clinical laboratory, either because no other type of assay system is feasible or because they are often the most effective and suitable of the possible analytical methods. The last decade has seen the development and refinement of many new immunoassay reagents and systems. The major trend has been away from liquid-phase assays involving radioisotopic...

Slight amounts of carbon (0:015{0:1mass%) were added into the Fe-30Mn-6Si-5Cr shape memory alloy. The microstructure, precipitation behaviour and shape memory performance of these Fe59Mn30Si6Cr5CX alloys with various thermo-mechanical treatments were investigated. Experimental results show that two particles, the -phase and M23C6 carbide, are observed within the grain-boundary phases. M23C6 car...

All single-stage isobaric flash processes involving multicomponent homogeneous mixtures are shown to have unique two-phase solutions. No simplifications with regard to nonideal phase behavior are made. The main result for the isothermal, isobaric (TP) case is established with the aid of a different characterization of material stability, the Gibbs-Duhem equation, and the Cauchy interlace theore...

Liquid/gas flows are experimentally investigated in 200 and 525 mm square microchannels made of glass and silicon. Liquid and gas are mixed in a cross-shaped section in a way to produce steady and homogeneous flows of monodisperse bubbles. Two-phase flow map and transition lines between flow regimes are examined. Bubble velocity and slip ratio between liquid and gas are measured. Flow patterns ...

We report on a self-emerging chimera state in a homogeneous chain of nonlocally and nonlinearly coupled oscillators. This chimera, i.e., a state with coexisting regions of complete and partial synchrony, emerges via a supercritical bifurcation from a homogeneous state. We develop a theory of chimera based on the Ott-Antonsen equations for the local complex order parameter. Applying a numerical ...

Sufficient conditions for the existence of a weak survival phase are given for an anisotropic contact process on a homogeneous tree. These require that the contact process be homogeneous, that is, for any two vertices x, y of the tree there is an automorphism mapping x to y leaving the infection rates invariant; and that the contact process be weakly symmetric, that is, for each vertex there sh...