Bees are very important for terrestrial ecosystems and, above all, for the subsistence of many crops, due to their ability to pollinate flowers. Currently, the honey bee populations are decreasing due to colony collapse disorder (CCD). The reasons for CCD are not fully known, and as a result, it is essential to obtain all possible information on the environmental conditions surrounding the beeh...

To investigate the possible consequences of brood-temperature regulation in honey bee colonies on the quality of behavioral performance of adults, we placed honey bee pupae in incubators and allowed them to develop at temperatures held constant at 32 degrees C, 34.5 degrees C, and 36 degrees C. This temperature range occurs naturally within hives. On emergence, the young adult bees were marked ...

Knutson and Tao’s work on the Horn conjectures used combinatorial invariants called hives and honeycombs to relate spectra of sums of Hermitian matrices to Littlewood-Richardson coefficients and problems in representation theory, but these relationships remained implicit. Here, let M and N be two n× n Hermitian matrices. We will show how to determine a hive H(M,N) = {Hi jk} using linear algebra...

Extreme winter losses of honey bee colonies are a major threat to beekeeping but the combinations of factors underlying colony loss remain debatable. We monitored colonies in two environments (colonies wintered indoors or outdoors) and characterized the effects of two parasitic mites, seven viruses, and Nosema on honey bee colony mortality and population loss over winter. Samples were collected...

Abstract Subsistent beekeeping has been an established tradition in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. In the last two decades, extension efforts tried to transform it into improved apiculture, which led development of colony marketing. Here, we assessed progress beekeeping, marketing, and population differentiation with a hypothesis that might have supported both production genetic conservation accord...

Chronic urticaria is an itchy inflammatory skin condition, also known as hives, weal’s, welts or nettle rash. The main symptom raised blotchy rash which can be intensely itchy. Its cause unknown, although it triggered by allergen, physical triggers, underlying health conditions drugs. Several serious lead to anaphylaxis a medical emergency. difficult manage hence there are different approaches ...

Social immunity is a key factor for honeybee health, including behavioral defense strategies such as the collective use of antimicrobial plant resins (propolis). While laboratory data repeatedly show significant propolis effects, field data are scarce, especially at the colony level. Here, we investigated whether propolis, as naturally deposited in the nests, can protect honeybees against ectop...

1. Over a million commercially produced bumblebee colonies are imported annually on a global scale for the pollination of greenhouse crops. After importation, they interact with other pollinators, with an associated risk of any parasites they carry infecting and harming native bees. National and supranational regulations are designed to prevent this, and commercially produced bumblebee colonies...