New tools of genomic analysis shed light on historical puzzles. Migrations of ancient peoples, differences in migration patterns of males and females, historical demography of cultures with ancient roots, and patterns of human genetic diversity are increasingly the focus of integrated analysis by historians, anthropologists, and geneticists.

Respect and reverence for water and trees are institutionalised in many ancient civilisations due to socio-cultural traditions, values and beliefs. In Iranian societies, respect for trees and water, separately and in composite form as gardens, is a well-known cultural value both before and after Islam. Therefore, the first part of this paper explains the value and importance of plants and ga...

comparative literature,when it is looked at by french school ,investigates,studies and compares historical roots of the folk(national) literature with other kinds of such literature.comparative literature research works have always been under each others influence since the beginning of literary activity up to second part of the twentieth century,that is when american literary school was ushere...

re-investigation of the methylene chloride extract of the roots of ferula sinaica gave ferusinol, a new sesquiterpene coumarin with a rare carbon skeleton, and samarcandin diastereomer. the structures elucidation were determined by ms, 1h- 13c-1d and 2d nmr spectral data.

As scholars, remembering the historical past in one’s area of study provides a foundation for purposefully pursuing knowledge. As individuals, remembering our personal past provides direction and purpose in everyday life. Taken together, these percepts provide the impetus for the current paper, which traces the contributions of six early pioneers who wrote about how humans remember their person...

The problem of the character of gravitation is approached by discussing three main possible modes of action from the historical, theoretical and empirical standpoints. The “Newtonian” mode of action-at-a-distance (AAAD)—in which Newton himself did not believe—is followed through three centuries, though the aim is not historical accuracy. This approach includes several Webertype theories of velo...

Analytic philosophers have until recently heen reluctant to investigate the complex historical roolc; of their own philosophical tradition. Slowly, but surely, however, the necessary work is being done, and it is interesting in this respect that not only the Anglo-Saxon hut also the Continental roots of analytic philosophy are heing usefully illuminated .2 For as Michael Dummett points out in h...

One of the stellar achievements of twentieth century plant biology was the genetic transformation of somatic cells enabling the regeneration of whole plants that were stably transformed and capable of transmitting the inserted genetic material to subsequent generations. This achievement grew out of three independent lines of research initiated early in the twentieth century: plant tissue cultur...

Working Paper Series

As advances in nursing science and research impact upon nursing education and clinical practice, new ways of looking at phenomena have led to a re-examination and refinement of the traditional concepts: person, environment, health and nursing. This evolving pattern of intellectual growth holds promise for the discipline of nursing through the advancement of knowledge based upon scientific inqui...