Industrial engineering was originally founded as a discipline that focused on the study and design of work. Yet, today the field has largely distanced itself from this early concern. This paper tracks the decline of work studies in industrial engineering and explores the question of why the discipline lost its concern for work and, ultimately, its ability to speak to the kinds of social and eco...

Gospels are one type of translated historical document. There are many versions of the same Gospel that have been translated from the original, or from another Gospel that has already been translated into a different language. Nowadays, it is difficult to determine the language of the original Gospel from where these Gospels were translated. In this paper we use a supervised machine learning te...

In this paper we describe a method for improving the optical character recognition (OCR) toolkit Tesseract for Finnish historical documents. First we create a model for Finnish Fraktur fonts. Second we test Tesseract with the created Fraktur model and Antiqua model on single images and combinations of images with different image preprocessing methods. Against commercial ABBYY FineReader toolkit...

This descriptive study explores deliberate barriers to user participation on the long-lived discussion site Metafilter.com. Metafilter has been in continuous operation since its founding in 1999, and at the time of this writing has around 12,000 active users. While many newer online sites appear eager to eliminate barriers to participation and recruit as many new members as possible, Metafilter...

The recognition of script in historical documents requires suitable techniques in order to identify single words. Segmentation of lines and words is a challenging task because lines are not straight and words may intersect within and between lines. For correct word segmentation, the conventional analysis of distances between text objects needs to be supplemented by a second component predicting...

In this paper we offer the first large sample evidence on the availability and usage of credit lines in U.S. public corporations and use it to re-examine the existing findings on corporate liquidity. We show that the availability of credit lines is widespread and that average undrawn credit is of the same order of magnitude as cash holdings. We test the trade-off theory of liquidity according t...

We present a software for retrieving and exploring duplicated text passages in low quality OCR historical text corpora. The system combines NCBI BLAST, a software created for comparing and aligning biological sequences, with the Solr search and indexing engine, providing a web interface to easily query and browse the clusters of duplicated texts. We demonstrate the system on a corpus of scanned...

We introduce weak morphisms of higher dimensional automata and use them to define preorder relations for HDAs, among which homeomor-phic abstraction and trace equivalent abstraction. It is shown that homeomor-phic abstraction is essentially always stronger than trace equivalent abstraction. We also define the trace language of an HDA and show that, for a large class of HDAs, it is invariant und...

In Fennoscandia, use of the natural forest as a reference for restoration and management of forest biodiversity has been widely accepted. However, limited understanding of the structure and dynamics of the natural forest has hampered the applications of the natural variability approach. This is especially the case in areas, where the natural forests have almost totally vanished. This review was...