Introduction For obvious reasons, athletes are at greater risk of sustaining a lumber (lower) spine injury due to physical activity. To our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in a Tunisian sports and physical education institute. Aim To assess the prevalence of LBP in different sports among students studying in a sports and physical education inst...

............................................................................................................................................... v Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Background .........................................................................................

This paper is based on reengineering of Education institutes in such a way that coupling risk should be less as compared to existing systems. Here, we will measure the complexity (based on coupling factor) of modules during reengineering of modules design. As we know that the coupling is one of the properties with most influence on maintenance, as it has a direct effect on maintainability. In g...