Active and passive microwave remote sensing data offer complementary information on the properties of the observed scene. This study investigates the relationship of L-band radiometer and radar signals to vegetation and soil during four field campaigns conducted in United States between 1999 and 2008. The study shows complex relationship between radiometer observed reflectivity and radar observ...

Terrestrial vegetation influences climate by modifying the radiative-, momentum-, and hydrologicbalance. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the question whether positive biogeophysical feedbacks between vegetation and climate may lead to multiple equilibria in vegetation and climate and consequent abrupt regime shifts. Several modelling studies argue that vegetation-climate feedbac...

Accurately quantifying the vegetation rainfall interception at a high resolution is critical for rainfall-runoff modeling and flood forecasting, and is also essential for understanding its further impact on local, regional, and even global water cycle dynamics. In this study, the Remote Sensing-based Gash model (RS-Gash model) is developed based on a modified Gash model for interception loss es...

Previous studies have shown that climate warming is causing shrub cover to increase at high latitudes. Increased shrub cover generally lowers surface albedo, which results in higher energy absorption and further warming. In parts of Fennoscandia, herbivory is known to control vegetation height and abundance, and thus preventing this positive feedback. Here, we combine field measurements of albe...

We critically reassess a conceptual model here, dealing with the potential effect of plant diversity on climate– vegetation feedback, and we provide an improved version adjusted to plant types that prevailed during the African Humid Period (AHP). Our work contributes to the understanding of the timing and abruptness of vegetation decline at the end of the AHP, investigated by various working gr...

Spectral vegetation indices have been the primary resources for characterizing grassland vegetation based on remotely sensed data. However, the use of spectral indices for vegetation characterization in grasslands has been challenged by the confounding effects from external factors, such as soil properties, dead materials, and shadowing of vegetation canopies. Dead materials refer to the dead c...

Climate variability at sub-Milankovitch periods (between 2 and 15 kyr) is studied in a set of transient simulations with a coupled atmosphere/ocean/vegetation model of intermediate complexity (CLIMBER-2). Focus is on the region influenced by the African and Asian summer monsoon. Pronounced variations at periods of about 10 kyr (Asia and Africa) and about 5 kyr (Asia) are found in the monsoonal ...

Full-waveform LiDAR is an active remote sensing technique that provides the scattering properties of the targets i.e. amplitude and echo width (EW) in addition to 3D point clouds. The amplitude provides information on the target's reflectance and the EW is a measure for the range variation of scatterers within the laser footprint contributing to a single echo and is, therefore, an indicator for...

The spatiotemporal variability of vegetation fires is essential for understanding changes in the climate and ecosystem mountainous regions. MODIS Collection 6 active fire products indicate that area burned by declined globally from over 4.27 million km2 to less than 3.52 annually during 2001–2021. In contrast, global high mountains higher 3000 m have experienced an overall increase their suffer...

The paper presents a taxonomic, areographic and belt-andzonal analysis of the high-mountain flora Kurai Ridge. region in question contains 312 species plants, referred to 143 genera belonging 48 families. Analysis taxonomic structure Ridge has shown following most abundant plant families: Asteraceae , Ranunculaceae, Poaceae . For variety genera, are predominant: Carex Pedicularis, Salix Oxytrop...