This paper proposes a new class of traffic profiles that is better suited for metering bursty Internet traffic streams than the traditional token bucket profile. A good traffic profile should satisfy two criteria: first, it should consider packets from a conforming traffic stream as in-profile with high probability to ensure a strong QoS guarantee; second, it should limit the network resources ...

background: according to quality transformation of services during the time, the quality requirements and standards also change and recognition of these requirements and transformation process can assist in recognizing the quality dimensions of services. the aim of this research was to explain the transformation process, requirements and quality dimensions of services in hospitals.   methods: t...

If a product has two dimensions of quality, one observable and one not, a firm can use observable quality as a signal of unobservable quality. The correlation between consumers’ valuation of high quality in each dimension is a key determinant of the feasibility of such signaling. A firm may use price alone as a signal, or price and quality together. Both signals tend to be used when the market ...

Embryo quality and embryo selection are critical criteria for embryo transfer and subsequently success of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Transfer of good quality embryos is associated with increased implantation, pregnancy and live birth rates and also decreased pregnancy loss and prenatal complications in comparison with transfer of embryos with impaired quality. Furthermore, advanc...